Glial cell death

Glial cell death mediated by glutamate does not involve glutamate receptor activation, but rather glutamate uptake (Oka et al., 1993 Matute et al., 2006). Glutamate... 

Villegas, S. N., Njaine, B., Linden, R., and Carri, N. G. (2006). Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) prevents ethanol (EtOH) induced B92 glial cell death by both PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Brain Res. Bull. 71(1-3), 116-126. 

Purinergic signalling is also concerned with longterm events, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and death associated with development and regeneration [1, 3, 4]. For example, a,(3-methylene ATP produces proliferation of glial cells, whereas adenosine inhibits proliferation. A p2y8 receptor was... 

Nitric oxide has also been implicated in PD. Thus animals with MPTP-induced Parkinsonism not only show extensive gliosis in the substantia nigra (like humans) in which the glial cells produce NO, but Liberatore and colleagues have found that in iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) knock-out mice the toxicity of MPTP is halved. Since NO releases iron from ferritin and produces toxic peroxinitrate in the presence of superoxide radicals it could accelerate, even if it does not initiate, dopaminergic cell death (see Hirsch and Hunot 2000 for further details). 

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