Erbium ions

The closest Er—Er distance is 11.7 A thus providing the ordered, magnetically dilute erbium ion with a local symmetry of On-... 

The erbium ion is coordinated to eight carboxyhc oxygens [2.362—2.415 A)] from four oxalate (acid oxalate) moieties which forms a square antiprism around Er(III). A water molecule forms the cap (Er—OH2 =2.441 A) above the large square face of the antiprism. The acid oxalates (HOOCCOO) and oxalate ions occupy the crystallographic sites at random. The statistically averaged oxalate groups are centrosymmetric and planar. A very short H-bond (2.43 A) has been observed between two water molecules in two equivalent molecules, but the physical significance is difficult to assess because these waters are disordered in the molecule. 

Er+++ (aq.). We have estimated the value for aqueous erbium ion. Er(C2H302)3 (aq.). The value for aqueous erbium acetate is obtained from the ions. 

Erbium ions in fluoride glasses possess several radiative transitions from the violet to the mid-IR (3.45 pm) as shown in Fig. 10. Their spectroscopic parameters such as radiative lifetimes and branching ratios were determined for several types of glasses based on zirconium, indium, aluminum or even zinc fluoride [31,98-100]. 

Similar experiments have been done at a lower (0.18 M) and higher (1.8 M) concentration of erbium ions. 

Fig. 16. Resonance scattering of erbium ions incorporated in the water phase (20%) of di-palmitoyl diphospatidyl cholin (DPPC) near the L3 absorption edge of erbium at X, = 1.482 A) The intenity units are proportional to the number of photons per ring of the Debye-Scherrer diagramme...

In conclusion, three-dimensional periodic nanostructures containing erbium ions have been fabricated based on artificial opal matrices. Their photo luminescence efficiency was found to be higher as compared to a reference glass sample. Possible reasons responsible for enhancement include enhanced excitation efficiency due to increase in efficient absorption length and modification of spontaneous decay of ions in a periodic lattice due to redistribution of photon density of states. 

Rare earth ions have been paid much attention to for their partieular optical properties and magnetic properties. Rare earth compound have been widely used as laser materials, lumineseent materials, coloring agents of ceramics or glass and so on l The optical materials doped erbium ion have been widely investigated for this ion has abundant energy levels. The energy levels and... 

S3/2— I15/2) of erbium ion have a laige emission section and are easy to achieve upconversion, so erbium ion is a good active ion as upconversion phosphors materials. The energy level transition( l]3/2— I15/2) can emit out 1.5 pm eye-safe laser radiation and the ion is also a well active ion for the eye-safe laser material. Gd203 powder with a cubic structure is a good host material for its excellent photics and thermal properties. It not only can be used as upconversion phosphors material but also can be used to prepare transparent ceramics as a host material. 

Asymmetric channel structure in (Er(-)-6.62) from four erbium ions and four L-tartrate ligands (reproduced with permission from reference, copyright 2005, The Royal Society of Chemistry). 

Belogorokhov, I. A., Marlyshov, M. N., GaviiUouk, A. S., Drones, M. A. TomUova, L. G. (2008). Optical and electrical properties of semiconductor stmctures based on bulyl-ated phthalocyanines containing erbium ions Materials Science and Technology. Semiconductors. (3), 23—33. 

Another compound with formula Er2(bdc)3 (H20)6 has also been reported (Deluzet et al., 2003). Contrary to the two previous ones, it has been obtained by slow diffusion through gel. Its crystal structiue is three-dimensional and can be described as the succession of erbium ion planes linked by terephtalato organic groups (see fig. 14). 

Porous silicon planar waveguides co-doped by Er and Yb ions 6.4 dB/cm IR, 1.53 pm Najar et al. (2007, 2009) Optically activated erbium ions... 

The cubane structure [M4(m3-OR)4] (Fig. 4.6) is favoured by the alkali metal tertiary butoxides (M = K, Rb, Cs) and thallium(i) alkoxides, and also related species such as [Me4Zn4(/ t-OMe)4]. Another common tetranuclear structure [M4(jti-OR)6(OR)6] (Fig. 4.7) involves one central octahedral metal bridged to three tetrahedral metals in a chiral configuration (D3). Crystalline aluminium isopropoxide was the first example established to have this structural type. ° Interestingly in the heterometallic complex [ErAl3(OPr )i2] the central position is occupied by the erbium ion in a distorted trigonal prismatic configuration. ... 

V Zevin, 1984, EPR study of oxydation of erbium ions in a near-surface layer of a gold foil, in Proc. XXlInd Congr. AMPERE on Magnetic Resonance and Related Phenomena, eds K.A. Muller, R. Kind and J. Roos (Zurich Ampere Coramitee, University Zurich, Zurich) pp. 283-284. 

Recently the luminescence properties of Pr ", Nd, Tm and Yb " ions in fluorite have been obtained by steady-state measurements. In addition, the luminescence spectra of Ce ", Sm ", Sm ", Dy ", Er and Yb were measured. It was pointed out that Xex = 415 nm is most suitable for measuring the Ho " emission beside the Er ". The emission of trivalent holmium and erbium ions was measured independently using time-resolved measurements and tentative assignment of luminescence lines to 3 and C4V symmetry sites was proposed. Besides for natural fluorite crystal, the transition between Stark energy levels of lanthanide ions were presented (Czaja et al. 2012). 

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