Equipment Rotating heat pipe

Escoe, A. K. Mechanical Design of Process Equipment, Vol. 1. Piping and Pressure Vessels. Vol. 2. Shell-and-tube Heat Exchangers, Rotating Equipment, Bins, Silos and Stacks (Gulf, 1986). 

A liquid product of low concentration of the solid phase (up to 40%) is sprayed by nozzles placed on the rotating central pipe and then freezes on the chamber walls. The dryer chamber is a cylinder equipped with a cooling jacket. The heat of sublimation is supplied by radiators also placed on the central pipe. Dry product is scraped from the chamber walls by adjustable brushes or scrapers. 

The experts believe that all the technologies studied such as heat pipes, rotating equipment, and enhancement devices may approach the growth stage in the medium term around 2010 to 2015. 

The Guidelines for Process Equipment Reliability Data with Data Tables covers a variety of components used in the chemical process industry, including electrical equipment, analyzers, instrumentation and controls, detectors, heat exchangers, piping systems, rotating equipment (pump, compressor, and fan), valves, and fire protection systems. 

The granulated, crude TNT is washed with hot water in a wooden vat A, equipped with a stirrer rotating at a speed of 75 r.p.m., and with a sheet metal lid connected to a ventilating pipe. The mixture in the vat is heated by steam introduced through a silicon-iron pipe. The acidity of the TNT falls after washing to below 0.1% of H2S04. The number of washing operations depends on the initial acidity. 

Almost exclusively used for extrusion of PVC-U into pipe profile and sheet, extrusion equipment consists of a cylindrical barrel containing two close fitting, intermeshed, Archimedean screws. PVC dry blend is fed in via a hopper at the start of the screws and is conveyed forward, softened, sheared and finally gelled by rotation of the screws and the heat of the barrel. The resulting homogeneous viscous melt is forced through a heated die fitted to the exit end of the barrel. Thereafter the downstream equipment sizes or calibrates, cools and pulls off the product which is also cut to desired lengths. 

In a process, energy losses consist of both thermal and mechanical losses. Thermal losses are typically originated from column overhead condensers, product mn down coolers, furnace stack, steam leaks, poor insulation of heat exchangers/piping and vassals and so on. Mechanical losses could also be significant, which usually occurs in rotating equipment, pressure letdown valves, control valves, pump spill back, heat exchangers, pipelines, and so on. Some of the thermal and mechanical losses are recoverable with a decent payback of investment but many others do not. 

A compressor system typically includes process piping, valves, a compressor, a receiver, heat exchangers, dryers, back pressure regulators, gauges, and moisture removal equipment. The sequence and equipment arrangement is illustrated in Figure 9-2. Additional information about compressor systems can be found in Chapter 5. Scientific principles associated with compressors include fluid flow characteristics, pressure, temperature, heat transfer, electricity, rotation, and kinetic energy. 

Lubrication systems provide a constant source of clean oil to pump and compressor bearings, gearboxes, steam turbines, and rotating or moving equipment. A typical lubrication system includes a lubricant reservoir, pump, valves, heat exchanger, and piping. Figure 9-5 illustrates how an industrial lubrication system operates. 

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