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Epigenetic carcinogen—

Epigenetic carcinogen A substance that causes cancer through a mechanism other than interaction with the genetic material. [Pg.1435]

Lee Y-W, Klein CB, Kargacin B, et al. 1995. Carcinogenic nickel silences gene expression by chromatin condensation and DNA methylation A new model for epigenetic carcinogens. Molec Cell Biol 15 2547-2557. [Pg.241]

Epigenetic carcinogens. These are (i) tumor promoters mitogenic agents, causing proliferation of initiated cells. Examples are phorbol esters and peroxisome proliferators ... [Pg.273]

Epigenetic carcinogens cause the appearance of tumors without a genotoxic effect. This includes promotion, immunosuppression, cocarcinogenicity, and cytotoxicity. This group probably involves diverse mechanisms. They may act by... [Pg.280]

DNA-damaging carcinogens Epigenetic carcinogens Progressor agents... [Pg.285]

Epigenetic carcinogens cause tumors without a genotoxic effect and act via promotion, immunosuppression, cocarcinogenicity, and cytotoxicity. [Pg.285]

Most substances classified as epigenetic carcinogens are promoters that act after initiation. Manifestations of promotion include increased numbers of tumor cells and decreased length of time for tumors to develop (shortened latency period). Promoters do not initiate cancer, are not electrophilic, and do not bind with DNA. The classic example of a promotor is a substance known chemically as decanoyl phorbol acetate or phorbol myristate acetate, a substance extracted from croton oil. [Pg.182]

From a mechanistic point of view, carcinogens can be classified as (1) genotoxic and (2) epigenetic carcinogens (Woo and Lai, 2003). Genotoxic carcinogens, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid- (DNA)... [Pg.182]

Williams, G.M. Whysner, J. Epigenetic carcinogens evalu- 35. ation and risk assessment. Exp. Toxic. Pathol. 1996, 48,... [Pg.444]

There is a general agreement concerning the need to improve risk assessment of bioassay data through the incorporation of more information on mechanism of action of tumor induction. Investigative studies to identify the mechanisms of action of rodent epigenetic carcinogens may clarify the relationship between... [Pg.12]

Weisburger, J.H. and Williams, G.M., The distinction between genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens and implication for cancer risk, Toxicol. Sci., 57, 4, 2000. [Pg.335]

Williams, G. M., and Whysner, J. (1996). Epigenetic carcinogens Evaluation and risk assessment. Exp Toxicol Pathol 48, 189-195. [Pg.438]

By far the most extensively stodied mechanism of epigenetic carcinogens is receptor-mediated cell proUfoation. Xenobiotic ligand-induced activation of sevaal... [Pg.528]

Epigenetic carcinogens cause the appearance of tumours without a genotoxic effect. This includes... [Pg.478]

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Epigenetic

Epigenetics

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