Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation

Miotto and colleagues (2001) surveyed 42 recreational users of GHB and found that 66% reported episodes of unpredictable loss of consciousness and 26% had overdosed. Forty-five percent of daily users had experienced frequent amnesia during or after use of the drug, suggestive of blackouts typically attributed to severe alcohol abuse. The rate of adverse events was greater 

Taken for recreational use as an intoxicant, typical acute effects described by misusers are euphoria, relaxation, and increased sexuality (Galloway et al. 1997 Miotto et al. 2001). On the street, GHB is taken in capfuls or teaspoons of a salty/sour liquid, which because of variations in concentration, may range in dose from 0.5 to 5.0 g. Common side effects are nausea, headache, itching, and vomiting (Borgen et al. 2003). Doses of 10—20 mg/kg of GHB typically 

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Describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of the various gastrointestinal infections. 

Table 2.6 Epidemiology and clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax...

Di BA. Epidemiology and clinical presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vase Interv Radiol 2002 13 S169-7I. 

The association between parenchymal lung disease and hardmetal exposure was first observed in Germany and several later reports exist from other countries. An extensive stunmary of the related literature in regard to clinical surveys, epidemiological studies, clinical presentation, pathology, and hypotheses on pathogenesis was presented recently by D. Lison and co-workers [14.6,14.7]. 

Dupont HT, Raoult D, Brouqui P, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients 323 French cases. Am J Med. 1992 93 427-434. 

In this paper we present a unified theory of human CVD. This disease is the direct consequence of the inability of man to synthesize ascorbate in combination with insufficient intake of ascorbate in the modern diet. Since ascorbate deficiency is the common cause of human CVD, ascorbate supplementation is the universal treatment for this disease. The available epidemiological and clinical evidence is reasonably convincing. Further clinical confirmation of this theory should lead to the abolition of CVD as a cause of human mortality for the present generation and future generations of mankind. 

COX-2 is constitutively present in the brain, mainly in neurons, and has been shown to play a key role in brain-specific inflammatory episodes linked to the progression of Alzheimer s disease (AD). Epidemiological and clinical studies have observed the influence of NSAID on the evolution of AD, with recent studies showing an inverse correlation between the use of NSAID and the risk of developing AD (Bazan et al., 2002). In the central nervous system, prostanoid levels are normally very low, but they can substantially increase in a variety of pathological conditions such as trauma, ischemia, HIV infection and multiple sclerosis. COX-1 and COX-2 are expressed in the spinal cord. It has been suggested that the antihyperalgesic mechanism of COX-2 inhibitors lies with the modulation of constitutive COX-2 present at the spinal level (S vensson and Yaksh, 2002). 

Differentiate the five types of viral hepatitides by their epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and natural history. 

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