Enzymatic method wood products

Enzymatic methods show the biggest promise for conversion of waste paper from municipal waste into glucose for ethanol production. Because paper is composed primarily of wood cellulose fibers, the enzyme inhibition due to lack of accessibility with whole wood is partially alleviated. As mentioned previously, waste paper can represent up to 50 percent of typical municipal waste. Currently the separated paper from the waste is burned for its fuel value. 

Enzymatic Methods for Determining Formaldehyde Release from Wood Products... 

Two sensitive fluorometric enzymatic methods for the determination of formaldehyde release from wood products were described. These methods were developed using the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase to catalyze the oxidation of formaldehyde to form formic acid and NADH in the presenc of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ). The increase in NADH, which is directly proportional to the concentration of formaldehyde, is measured fluorometrically at em ... 

The enzymatic methods described in this paper are not only more specific but also more sensitive than the chromotropic acid method. These methods can be used for the measurement of formaldehyde emission from wood products as well as formaldehyde exposure in the workplace and in indoor environments. 

We have developed two novel new enzymatic fluorometric methods for the trace analysis of formaldehyde. Due to their simplicity, sensitivity and specificity, these methods should find wide applications in the monitoring of formaldehyde released from wood products. As we stated above, enzymatic fluorometric method II does offer higher sensitivity and better detection limit over enzymatic fluorometric method I. However, method II requires two... 

CNWs were initially isolated from natural fibers by Mukherjee and Woods [12] in 1953. They can be prepared from a variety of sources such as wood pulp, plant fibers (e.g., hemp, sisal, flax, ramie, jute, algae, cotton) [13, 14], tree leaves [15], microbial (acetobacter xylinum) [16], sea creatures (tunicates) [17, 18], fiuit skins (banana and grape) [19], fruit husks (coconuts) [20], and even agricultoral products (e.g., wheat straws and soy huUs) [21], which makes them more attractive and applicable. Three methods are available for producing nanocellulose, namely, chemical acid hydrolysis, chemical treatment in combination with mechanical refining and the enzymatic methods. 

Consequently, the native and enzymatically liberated lignins from white Scots pine, oak, birch, maple, kiri1 wood and bagasse were oxidized with nitrobenzene in alkali. The method of Stone 113) was applied quantitatively in this study. The amount of each degradation product obtained from each of the lignins is listed in Table 12 110). 

Propionic acid can also be made from the hemicellu-loses in wood.215 These have few other uses. Steam-exploded Populus tremuloides was hydrolyzed enzymatically, then the hydrolysate treated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici to produce 18 g/L of propionic acid. Because this organism is inhibited by the product, various methods have been developed to remove it as formed. Use of ditridecylamine in oleyl alcohol with a hollow-fiber membrane gave a higher yield, final product concentration, and purity, at the same time that the production of acetate and succinate were reduced in a run of 1.5 months.216 The acid was recovered with aqueous sodium hydroxide using a second hollow-fiber membrane. 

Non-specific esterification of wood sterols can be performed chemically (www. freshpatents.com/Phytosterol-esterification-product-and-method-of-make-same-dt-20070628ptan20070148311.php) however, enzymatic esterification with lipases has the potential advantages of higher specificity and mild reaction conditions which are desirable, both from process and environmental perspectives. More than 20 lipases were previously screened for their ability to catalyze the transesterification of wood sterols and fatty acid esters (Martinez et al. 2004). The goal was now to screen among them those specific for stanol esterification, so as to obtain a product consisting in mostly esterified stanols and mostly free sterols (see Fig. 6.3.4) amenable for separation through short-path distillation. 

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