Enzymatic hydrolysis mechanical strain

In this context, some experimental results relevant to these open questions of enzymatic degradation will be presented and will be discussed from the viewpoint of cellulose chemistry, together with a summary of our recent work on thermohydrolysis and acid hydrolysis of cellulose, performed in connection with research on cellulose powder manufacture (7). After a short survey of the experimental techniques applied, this contribution will be centered on three problems (1) the interaction of chain degradation and cross-linking in thermal and thermo-hydrolytic treatments of cellulose, (2) the influence of mechanical strain... 

Table VII. Influence of Disintegration and of Mechanical Strain on Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of a Machine-Dried Spruce Sulphite Dissolving Pulp...

Many studies showed that peptidoglycan in the cell wall stimulates macrophages, antibody formation, and T lymphocyte activity entering the intestine (Dziarski 1991). Certain strains of LAB induce pro-Thl responses, promoted through the receptor-mediated cytokine pathway, and the ability of individual cell wall compounds to induce pro-IFN cytokines (especially IL-12) at a sub-inflammatory level. However, it should be realized that other indirect LAB-induced modulatory mechanisms may also be operative in combating atopy, such as their ability to liberate de novo immunoregulatory peptides from major food proteins via enzymatic hydrolysis. This mechanism has been demonstrated experimentally for some LAB (Matar et al. 1996, Rokka et al. 1997). 

Although the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, in most cases, reduces the toxicity of OPs by converting them into less toxic metabolites, these metabolites also present a potential source of contamination to the environment. A very interesting mechanism of complete pesticide degradation was proposed by Mattozzi et al. describing the metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida strain to hydrolyze paraoxon and mineralize the hydrolysis products into sources of carbon and phosphorus. Previous studies reported that the hydrolysis of paraoxon to p-nitrophenol (PNP) and diethyl phosphate (DEP), by an OPH from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551, rednces the toxicity of the pesticide 100-fold (Mattozzi et al. 2006). 

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