Environmental Monitoring Programme

International Atomic Energy Agency, Objectives and Design of Environmental Monitoring Programmes for Radioactive Contamination , Safety series No. 41, 1975. 

Table 2.5. Flow diagram for designing an environmental monitoring programme for local, regional or global application...

The Environmental Monitoring Programme (EMP) implemented at Jubany Station attempts to accomplish these basic objectives while keeping the basic research activities which provide important information for management decisions. 

The environmental monitoring programme at Jubany Station 2.1. A brief history of Argentina in Antarctica... 

Recommendation XV-5 and the Protocol call for national programmes to establish environmental monitoring programmes for activities that include ... 

Nowadays it is generally accepted that laboratory proficiency testing schemes are an important quality assurance tool in environmental monitoring programmes. Apart from using validated analytical methods and internal laboratory quality control procedures, the regular participation of laboratories in interlaboratory comparisons is required to ensure the accuracy and comparability of data. 

Table 3.6.1 Biomarkers of exposure and of sublethal effect. The examples chosen are relatively simple to perform and have been applied to a wide range of species in environmental monitoring programmes...

Furthermore, the large number of commercially available chemicals with little or no hazard information has impeded risk management and the introduction of targeted environmental monitoring programmes. 

Environmental monitoring programmes are usually designed to answer the following questions ... 

Formerly, EIC co-ordinated the state environmental monitoring programme, make the main contracts with different monitoring bodies and managed and processed collected data. Since September 1999, the University of Tartu was appointed to co-ordinate the National Monitoring Programme (with 16 sub programmes). This includes analyses of statistical data, production of trends and publication of data on the Internet. 

In accordance with the Statute of the State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection (SIEP), the Chief Inspector of SIEP plays the co-coordinative role within the State Environmental Monitoring Programme. The State Sanitary Inspectorate (SSI) is responsible for air quality assessment from the viewpoint of health and hygiene requirements. The authority responsible for official data on national emissions into air is the Department of Environmental Protection in the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry (MoE). Air quality monitoring data are used at national, voivodship (provincial) and local levels. 

With a known sensitizer, it will be useful to know the current environmental levels of the chemical and the asthma frequency rate in the workforce. If there is no regular environmental monitoring programme, a one-off survey would be helpful. A health surveillance programme to monitor respiratory symptoms will be needed and this may be supplemented by lung function tests and, where applicable, immunological tests. 

The soundness of policy decisions is therefore directly related to the reliability of the environmental monitoring programmes. In turn, the design and development of monitoring programmes is directly linked to the availability of recommendations in... 

OSPAR (2006a) Assessment and monitoring series no. 287, OSPAR Commission, London, p. 89. OSPAR (2006b) Revised OSPAR Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (CEMP),... 

Based on the results of the European biomonitoring programme EuroBionet presented here as well as in other publications, and on many other studies on local and regional scales, the following conclusions on the applicability of bioindicators in air quality control and on next steps towards broader implementation in routine environmental monitoring programmes and environmental legislation can be drawn ... 

A.24. The area of radiation protection should cover aU related activities at the facility, including radiation protection of staff and contractor personnel and of the public [5-7]. The area of radioactive waste management should cover treatment, conditioning, storage and transport of waste, the release of efQuents and the environmental monitoring programme [8],... 

A.28. Environmental monitoring. The environmental monitoring programme should be reviewed to ensure that all environmental monitoring is performed in accordance with established procedures. Independent measurements may be performed to verify the accuracy of the operator s monitoring equipment and the results of measurements. 

An appropriate sampling plan has to be part of the environmental monitoring programme. It consists not only of the sampling locations but also of the sampling frequency. The locations should be based upon a risk analysis to determine the spots most likely to be contaminated during the aseptic... 

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Objectives and Design of Environmental Monitoring Programmes for Radioactive Contaminants, Safety Series No. 41, IAEA, Vienna (1975) Monitoring of Airborne and Liqnid Radioactive Releases from Nnclear FacUities to the Environment, Safety Series No. 46, IAEA, Vienna (1978). 

Environmental monitoring is conducted both on and outside the site giving rise to exposure of the pubUc and radionuchdes in the environment. The environmental monitoring programmes include measurements of radiation fields and radionuclide activity concentrations in environmental samples relevant to human exposure, primarily in air, drinking water, agricultural produce and natural foodstuffs, as well as in bioindicators that concentrate radionuclides and provide a measure of trends in activity levels. 

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