Sensitive Environments

Silcock, J. M. and Swann, P. R., from Environment-Sensitive Fracture of Engineering Materials, Edited by Z. A. Foroulis, TMS-AIME, Warrendale, Pa, 133 (1979)... 

While ideally structures should be designed and fabricated so that environment-sensitive cracking is avoided, in practice it is sometimes necessary to live with the problem. This implies an ability to detect and measure the size of cracks before they reach the critical size that may result in catastrophic failure. Such inspection has important implications for plant design, which should be such as to allow inspection at relevant locations. The latter are regions of high residual stress (welded, bolted or riveted joints) and regions of geometrical discontinuity (notches, crevices, etc.) where stress or environment concentration may occur. 

Pao, P. S., Wei, W. and Wei, R. P., Effect of frequency on fatigue crack growth response of AISl 4340 steel in water vapour , Proc. of Environment Sensitive Fracture of Engineering Materials, 24-26 Oct. 1977, Chicago, USA, The Metallurgical Society of the AIME, pp. 565-580 (1977)... 

Stewart, A. T., Effect of hydrogen on fatigue crack propagation in steels , Proc. Int. Conf. on Mechanisms of Environment Sensitive Cracking in Materials, University of Surrey, 4-7 April 1977, The Metals Society, pp. 400-11 (1977)... 

Spcidcl, M. O., Design against environment sensitive fracture , Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Cambridge, UK, 20-24 Aug. 1979, Vol. l,pp. 109-37, Pergamon Press (1980)... 

Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Microspectroscopic Study of Environment-Sensitive Photosynthetic Membranes 589... 

Vazquez ME, Blanco JB, Imperiali B (2005) Photophysics and biological applications of the environment-sensitive fluorophore 6-N, N-Dimethylamino-2, 3-naphthalimide. J Am Chem Soc 127 1300-1306... 

Fluorescence lifetime-based applications require probes and labels with environment-sensitive lifetimes, while immunoassays or hybridization-based analysis require fluorescent tracers preferably labeled with a single, mono-reactive fluorescent label. 

Due to their low sensitivity toward the environment, cyanine dyes are perfect candidates as fluorescent labels. Squaraine dyes on the other hand display a highly environment-sensitive response and are therefore not only useful as fluorescent probes and labels but also, in particular, well-suited for lifetime-based applications. 

Demchenko AP, Mely Y, Duportail G, Klymchenko AS (2009) Monitoring biophysical properties of lipid membranes by environment-sensitive fluorescent probes. Biophys J 96 3461-3470... 

Sanden, T., Persson, G., Thyberg, P., Blom, H. and Widengren, J. (2007). Monitoring kinetics of highly environment sensitive states of fluorescent molecules by modulated excitation and time-averaged fluorescence intensity recording. Anal. Chem. 79, 3330-41. 

Epps, P.E. et al. (1992) Spectral characterization of environment-sensitive adducts of interleukin lb. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 3129. 

Z. M. Shakhsher and W. R. Seitz, Optical detection of cationic surfactants based on ion pairing with an environment-sensitive fluorophore, Anal. Chem. 62, 1758-1762(1990). 

To investigate the fate of sulfonates in aquatic environments, sensitive analytical methods are required for the determination of alkyl and aromatic sulfonates and the identification of their degradation products [85]. 

Hydrogen evaluation is used to detect corrosion in closed systems at low or slightly elevated temperatures in aqueous environments. Sensitive detectors... 

Exogenous Environment-Sensitive Fluorophores and Glucose Binding Proteins... 

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