Viscosity Engler

In addition to kinematic viscosity, there are other methods for determining viscosity, including Saybolt Universal viscosity, Saybolt Durol viscosity, Engler viscosity, and Redwood viscosity. Since viscosity... 

No. of cycle specific gravity carbenes and carboids, wt. % Engler viscosity ... 

It is undesirable to use higher pressures in autoclave testing, because this induces secondary reactions. This can be seen from the higher yields of cracking residue with an Engler viscosity of 80 at 50° = 80) and... 

Certain calibrated orifice instruments (Engler-type) provide viscosity measurements at temperature lower than pour point. This is possible because the apparatus agitates the material to the point where large crystals are prevented from forming whereas in other methods, the sample pour point is measured without agitation. 

TABLE 2.13 Viscosity Conversion Table Centistokes to Saybolt, Redwood, and Engler units. 

Saybolt Universal Viscosity at Redwood Seconds at Engler Degrees at all Temps. 

The Saybolt Universal and Saybolt Furol viscometers are widely used in the United States and the Engler in Europe. In the United States, viscosities on the lighter fuel grades are determined using the Saybolt Universal instrument at 38°C (100°E) for the heaviest fuels the Saybolt Enrol viscometer is used at 50°C (122°E). Similarly, in Europe, the Engler viscometer is used at temperatures of 20°C (68°E), 50°C (122°E), and in some instances at 100°C (212°E). Use of these empirical procedures for fuel oils is being superseded by kinematic system (ASTM D396 BS 2869) specifications for fuel oils. 

The unsuitable nature of many commercial instruments which are in common use clearly illustrates the confusion prevalent in the field of viscometric measurements. Many instruments measure some combination of properties which depend only partly on the fluid consistency since the flow is not laminar. In others the shear rates are indeterminate and the data cannot be interpreted completely. Examples of such units include rotational viscometers with inserted baffles, as in the modified Stormer instruments in which the fluid flows through an orifice, as in the Saybolt or Engler viscometers instruments in which a ball, disk, or cylinder falls through the fluid, as in the Gardiner mobilometer. Recently even the use of a vibrating reed has been claimed to be useful for measurement of non-Newtonian viscosities (M14, W10), although theoretical studies (R6, W10) show that true physical properties are obviously not obtainable in these instruments for such fluids. These various instru-... 

Measurement of the Viscosity.—This can be carried out either on the solution prepared in the cold or on that prepared in the hot. In the former case, 100 grams of the dextrin are shaken with 500 c.c. of distilled water at 17-5° until the whole of the soluble part has dissolved, the liquid being filtered through a dry filter and the filtrate tested in the Engler viscometer (see Vo I, p. 352). In the second case, the solution is prepared in the hot and the viscosity measured when cold. The value obtained is compared with that given by a standard dextrin under the same conditions. 

Viscosity varying from 15 to 100 (with Engler s apparatus at 15° C.). 

For the determination of the viscosity of petroleum products various procedures, such as Saybolt (ASTM D-88) and Engler, are available and have been in use for many years, all being of an empirical nature, measuring the time taken in seconds for a given volume of fuel to flow through an orifice of specified dimensions. 

I, 4530. Specific heat at 20° about 0.62. Viscosity (Engler) at 20s about 6.08. Readily sol in ether, gasoline, petr ether, benzene, chloroform, oils. Slightly sol in methanol, ethanol, acetone, glacial acetic acid. Coned H,SO( at 70 is discolored, but the squalane remains unchanged. 

ASTM D 1665. 2009. Standard test method for Engler specific viscosity of tar products. West Conshohocken, PA ASTM International. 

Engler et al. [12] presented a dimensionless number (mixer efficiency, M n) to compare different micromixers. This number consists only of primary mixer attributes such as mass flow rate m, mixing time dynamic viscosity q, hydraulic diameter or pressure loss AP. It describes the mixer by the means of the necessary effort (such as pressure drop) to achieve a certain effect (short mixing time) with consideration of the throughput (mass flow rate) ... 

A rotational viscosimeter and an Engler Viscoimeter were employed to measure the polymer latex viscosity. The surface tension was measured by the bubble pressure method at 25 + 0.10°C. 

Silicone oils SO20 (viscosity 0.218 P), SOSO (viscosity 0.554 P), SOlOO (viscosity 1.18 P), and SO500 (viscosity 5.582 P) purchased from Prolabo, Productos para Laboratorios Quimicos, a Spanish company, were used in the spreading experiments. The viscosity of oils were measured using the capillary Engler Viscometer VPG-3 at 20 0.5°C. Cellulose nitrate membrane filters purchased from Sartorius (type 113), with pore size 0.2 and 3 pm (marked by the supplier). 

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