Engineering hazard evaluation

Safety Engineering Hazard Evaluation Hazard Follow-up Monitoring... 

Center for Chemical Process Safety, Guidelinesfor Hazard Evaluation Procedures, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1992. 

Hendershot, D. 1992. Hazard Evaluation through the Life of a Process. AIChE Process Plant Safety Symposium, pp. 887-900. Houston, Texas, February 18-19, 1992. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, South Texas Section. 

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) (1995). CHEMPAT A Program to Assist Hazard Evaluation and Management. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Publication Z-1). 

Proper application of an event hazard evaluation teclmique also requires a sound knowledge of the types of hazards involved within die system. Tlie design engineer should develop a list sunuiiarizing die types of hazards diat warrant fiulher evaluation within die system. Tliis list could take die following hazards into account ... 

A system checklist is useful to identify compliance problems and also tliose areas of die system diat require furdier hazard evaluation. The niediod is easy to use and can be applied to any component of a given system such as equipment, instrunientation, materials, and procedures. Tliis mediod, which produces qualitative results, must be prepared by an engineer dioroughly experienced with die system once die checklist is prepared, however, it can be used by engineers or managers who may have less tecluiical experience widi die system. ... 

G.A. Page. "Hazard Evaluation Procedures, American Society of Safety Engineers. Professional Dc clopmeiit Conference and Exposition, Las Vegas, NV. American Society of Safety Engineers, Dcs Plaines, IL, 1988. 

Askquith, W. and Lavery, K. (1990) Proc. Ind. Jl. (Sept.) 15. Bursting discs—the vital element in relief. AIChemE (1987) Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures (Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York). 

The Seveso and Duphar accidents could have been avoided if proper containment systems had been used to contain the reactor releases. The proper application of fundamental engineering safety principles would have prevented the two accidents. First, by following proper procedures, the initiation steps would not have occurred. Second, by using proper hazard evaluation procedures, the hazards could have been identified and corrected before the accidents occurred. 

The evaluation of hazards in a process starts at the initial screening of the process parameters. Several technical issues that will need more attention will arise from this screening procedure. Hazard evaluation procedures, however, are no substitutes for engineering codes of practice and for design standards, but are used as supplementary ideas and concepts. A prerequisite for any process hazard evaluation is a full knowledge of the chemistry of the process (including potential unwanted side reactions) with supporting data. 

King, P. V., and A. H. Lasseigne, "Hazard Classification of Explosives for Transportation Evaluation Test Methods, Hazard Evaluation, Research, and Engineering," Report No. TSA-20-72-5, prepared for U. S. Dept, of Transportation (1972) (available from NTIS, Springfield, VA). 

GENERAL References AICHE/CCI S Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2d ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2000. AICHE/CCPS, Guidelines for Hazards Evaluation Procedures, 2d ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1992. Crowl and Louver, Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, 2d ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 2002. Mannan, Lees Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 3d ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

FIG. 23-1 The hazard identification and risk assessment procedure. [Guidelines for Hazards Evaluation Procedures, Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) copyright 1985 AICHE and reproduced with permission. ]... 

General References Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, Second Edition with Worked Examples, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1992 Layer of Protection Analysis A Simplified Risk Assessment Approach, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2001 ISA TR84.00.02, Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF)—Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Evaluation Techniques, Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, N.C., 2002. 

Hazard evaluations are conducted in a team environment that typically includes a process engineer, EHS staff, a chemist, maintenance, a production operator, and the customer. 

NIOSH. 1981. Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HETA-81-378-1000, Keystone Diesel Engine Company, Wexford, Pennsylvania. Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. NTIS PB82-187-006/A02. 

---