Engineering design considerations

To appreciate the engineering aspects of Powerforming, it would be helpful to go over some of the engineering design considerations. 

Engineering Design Considerations for Corrosion Control of Underground Fuel Tanks, Bellcore LP-RPES-COR, Bellcore, Livingston, NJ, 1987. 

STALLARD, J., MAJOR, R. E., POINER, R., FARMER, I. R. JONES, N. 1986. Engineering design considerations of the ORLAU Parawalker and FES hybrid system. Engineering in Medicine, 15, 123-9. 

J. N. Chapman and N. R. Johanson, "Design Considerations for a Class of 600 MWe MHD Steam Combined Cycle Plants," 28th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Adanta, Ga., Aug. 1993. 

Engineering design, then, involves many considerations (Fig. 1.7). The choice of a material must meet certain criteria on bulk and surface properties (strength and corrosion resistance, for example). But it must also be easy to fabricate it must appeal to potential consumers and it must compete economically with other alternative materials. In the next chapter we consider the economic aspects of this choice, returning in later chapters to a discussion of the other properties. 

Engineering design with polymers starts with stiffness. But strength is also important, sometimes overridingly so. A plastic chair need not be very stiff - it may be more comfortable if it is a bit flexible - but it must not collapse plastically, or fail in a brittle manner, when sat upon. There are numerous examples of the use of polymers (luggage, casings of appliances, interior components for automobiles) where strength, not stiffness, is the major consideration. 

Design considerations should be examined by process design engineers when designing heat exchangers for stage 1 tube rupture transient effects, which includes the following ... 

Engineering Considerations To effect the good engineering design of an activated carbon adsorption system, it is first necessary to obtain information on the following the actual cubic feet per minute (ACFM) of air to be processed by the adsorber, the temperature of gas stream, the material(s) to be absorbed, the concentration of the material to be adsorbed, and if the intended application is air pollution control such as odor control - then the odor threshold of the material to be adsorbed. In addition, data is needed on the presence of other constituents in the gas stream, and whether or not solvent recovery is economical. 

Materials evaluation and selection are fundamental considerations in engineering design. If done properly, and in a systematic manner, considerable time and cost can be saved in design work, and design errors can be avoided. 

Source Steve, E. H., Reactor Design Considerations, Chemical Engineering, pp. 96-98, December 1997. 

In practice this relationship is only approximately correct because most plastics are not linearly viscoelastic, nor do they obey completely the power law expressed by equation (2.62). However this does not detract from the considerable value of this simple relationship in expressing the approximate solution to a complex problem. For the purposes of engineering design the expression provides results which are sufficiently accurate for most purposes. In addition. 

Dale, S. E. (1987). Cost Effective Design Considerations for Safer Chemical Plants. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents, February 3-5, 1987, Washington, D. C., ed. J. L. Woodward, 3.79-3.99. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 

The differences between the exact, speciaiiy orthotropic, and aii-0°-iayer predictions in Figure 5-39 range from 48% iess than the speciaiiy orthotropic soiution at 6 iayers to 18% iess at 40 iayers to 6% iess at 100 iayers. In addition, the exact results range from about 30% more than the all-0°-layer laminate resuits at 30 iayers to about 18% more at 100 layers. Again, such differences are weii within the consideration of usual engineering design practice. 

The implications of the terms predictable and unpredictable used in the context of corrosion require further consideration, since they are clearly dependent on the knowledge and expertise of the engineer, designer or corrosion designer who takes the decision on the metal or alloy to be used, or the procedure to be adopted, to control corrosion in a specific environmental situation. On this basis a corrosion failure (i.e. failure of the function of the metal due to corrosion within a period that is significantly less than the anticipated life of the structure) may be the result of one or more of the following possibilities ... 

A wide variety of protective coating types and systems is available for corrosion control on external and internal surfaces of structural and process plant in marine and offshore engineering. These are discussed in detail elsewhere in this text, and the purpose here is to highlight the critical importance of certain design and related operational aspects which affect both the selection and performance of protective coating systems. The following design considerations should be made ... 

Economic considerations are obviously a major constraint on any engineering design plants must make a profit. 

As with any engineering design, the ET cover should be designed with safety factors because both design and construction introduce uncertainty regarding performance. Some safety factor concerns are similar between ET covers and conventional covers. However, control of water flow into the waste requires new safety factor considerations for the ET cover, including the following ... 

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