Plant design and engineering

Conaway, J. Plant design and engineering. In Automation and Validation of Information in Pharmaceutical Processing DeSpautz, J.F., Ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1998 367-386. 

Other physical characteristics of CNO (Table 6.10) such as viscosity, density, heat capacity (specific heat) and heat of fusion, are important, not only for theoretical considerations but also for plant design and engineering purposes in general. Viscosity is an important property, which determines, for example, the diameter of pipes and the power needed when oils are pumped or stirred. 

Facilities management Plant design and engineering Building maintenance and support services Environmental and waste management... 

Peters, M. S., and Timmerhaus, K. B., Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980. 

M. Peters and K. D. Tknmerhaus, Plant Design and Economicsfor Chemical Engineers, 4th ed., McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, 1991. 

FIG. 14-79 Cost of trays in plate towers. Price includes tray deck, bubble caps, risers, downcomers, and structural-steel parts. The stainless steel designated is type 410 Peters and Timmerhaus, Plant Design and Economics for Cbemical Engineers, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1.9.91). 

FIG. 14-81 Fabricated costs and installation time of towers. Costs are for shell with two beads and sldrt, but without trays, packing, or connections. (Peters and Timmerhatis, Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New Yoik, 1991. )... 

When the power defieit is eovered by an eleetrie motor, the initial motor load may be a multiple of its normal power output beeause the expander is unable to eontribute any power at startup. Depending on plant design and startup requirements, a motor power of 50%-75% of the rated eompressor power is suffieient for startup purposes. Careful engineering studies are always appropriate in this ease. 

Design and engineering costs, which cover the cost of design and the cost of engineering the plant purchasing, procurement and construction supervision. Typically 20 per cent to 30 per cent of the direct capital costs. 

Pressure-relieving systems are unique compared with other systems within a chemical plant hopefully they will never need to operate, but when they do, they must do so flawlessly. Other systems, such as extraction and distillation systems, usually evolve to their optimum performance and reliability. This evolution requires creativity, practical knowledge, hard work, time, and the cooperative efforts of the plant, design, and process engineers. This same effort and creativity is essential when developing relief systems however, in this case the relief system development must be optimally designed and demonstrated within a research environment before the plant start-up. 

---