Energy units, conversion table

According to lEA Outlook 2010 in January 1, 2010, the world s total proved natural gas reserves were estimated at 6,609 trillion cubic feet. As of January 1, 2010, proved world oil reserves were estimated at 12 billion barrels (see Table A-1 in Appendix for the conversion of energy units and Tables 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5). The USA reported 22.5 billion barrels of proved reserves in 1998, proved reserves of 19.1 billion barrels were reported in 2009—a decrease of only 3.4 billion barrels despite the cumulative 24.2 billion barrels of liquids supplied from the US reserves between 1998 and 2009 (lEA Outlook 2010, p. 37). 

In this book we deal mainly with stationary states, their energies, and matrix elements. Unless otherwise stated, we use the wave number (cm-1) as a measure of the energy. The conversion factors with other units are shown in Table 0.2. 

The requirements set out in this publication and taken mainly from the report on the Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (NRC, 1994) are based on ME (AME), expressed as kilocalories (kcal) or megacalories (Meal)/kg feed. This energy system is used widely in North America and in many other countries. Energy units used in some countries are based on joules (J), kilojoules (kj) or megajoules (MJ). A conversion factor can be used to convert calories to joules, i.e. IMeal = 4.184 MJ 1MJ = 0.239 Meal and 1MJ = 239 kcal. Therefore, the tables of feedstuff composition in this publication show ME values expressed as MJ or kj as well as keal/kg. 

Conversion table for energy units used in mineral spectroscopy... 

Section 7.1 gives examples illustrating the use of quantity calculus for converting the values of physical quantities between different units. The table in section 7.2 lists a variety of non-SI units used in chemistry, with the conversion factors to the corresponding SI units. Conversion factors for energy and energy-related units (wavenumber, frequency, temperature and molar energy), and for pressure units, are also presented in tables inside the back cover. 

The spectral domains of UV radiation discussed in Fig. 3-9 and the corresponding energy conversions according to Eq. 3-3 are summarized in Tab. 3-3. In addition, this table contains information about the emission hnes of several types of lamp that are of interest to photochemical AOPs. Photochemists usually use the energy unit kj moh, whereas physicists prefer the unit eV (electron volt), and spectroscopists are used to wavenumber a=l/X in cm instead of wavelength. 

Conversion between these and other energy units may be performed using the conversion factors in the table on the inside front cover. 

Converting Units Table 25-2 gives Approximate Energy values in units of MeV. Convert each value into joules using the following conversion factor (1 MeV = 1.61 X 10 J). For more help, refer to Unit Conversion in the Math Handbook on page 901 of this textbook. 

The conversion for the various energy units may be obtained from Table 3. 

Traditional energy units (e.g., cm, eV, au, K, kcal/mol) are still used in many publications for measurements and calculations of BDEs. Therefore, the energy conversion between non-SI (traditional) and SI units frequently needs to be made. The table of the energy conversion is shown in Table 1.1. 

In presenting the experimentally observed spectrum, i.e., either the double differential scattering cross section d2a/dQdco or the dynamic structure factor S(q,a)) as a function of the energy exchange co, different workers often use different energy units for co. To facilitate conversion between these energy units, Table 8.1 gives the relationships between them. 

Tables for fundamental constants, conversion factors for energy units and entropy gases are presented in Chapter 8.

Conversion factors for energy units (from NBS Tables)... 

In the tables heats of adsorption and desorption energies are given in meV (per atom). Translation into other commoidy used units is achieved with the following conversion table ... 

X 10 J). Table 9-3 shows various energy units and their conversion factors. 

This table freely converts among units commonly used to represent energy, even when the imits are not proper energy units. For example, the conversion 1 K = 1.381-10 J implicitly uses the Boltzmann constant to convert K to J. 

Table 1.1. Conversion factors between different energy units...

We note that G vanishes if the electromagnetic field is static (co = 0), see the discussion in O section Expansions of Energy and Multipole Moments. For unit conversion factors, see Table 11-6. 

Appendix 25. Conversion Table of Energy and Wavelength Units... 

APPENDICES 25. CONVERSION TABLE OF ENERGY AND WAVELENGTH UNITS 2565... 

Chemical Ionization Chemistry, Thermodynamics and Kinetics 27 Table 2.1 Conversion factors for commonly used energy units... 

Since so many different energy units are used in the book, it is helpful to have a conversion table. Such a table was calculated from the recommended values of Cohen and Taylor for the physical constants and is given in Table 1. 

Physiologists are rather conservative people and like to publish still in old units that do not agree with the SI norm. Even the large calorie Cal is sometimes found in the literature. In this survey all original data are transformed to the official power unit Watt (W) and the corresponding energy unit Joule (J). To facilitate the comparison of data Table 1 shows the appropriate conversion factors - but unidirectional ... 

Fig. 19. Curves giving the total potential energy per cm against the jeparation of the plates. Potential of the plates Z x 25.6 mV. The electrolyte is supposed to be univalent. For other units c/. the conversion tables inserted in the figure.

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