Math Handbook

For both pieces of gum, calculate the percent of the original mass that was soluble sweeteners and flavorings. For help, refer to Percents in the Math Handbook on page 909 of your textbook. 

Review arithmetic operations with positive and negative numbers in the Math Handbook on pages 887 to 889 of this text. 

When the best fit line is curved, the relationship between the variables is nonlinear. In chemistry, you will study nonlinear relationships called inverse relationships. See pages 903-907 in the Math Handbook for more discussion of graphs. Do the problem-solving LAB to practice making line graphs. 

Review the meaning and caicuiation of percents in the Math Handbook on page 907 in this text. 

Robert Boyle (1627-1691), an Irish chemist, did experiments like the one shown in Figure 14-2 to study the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas. By taking careful quantitative measurements, he showed that if the temperature is constant, doubling the pressure of a fixed amount of gas decreases its volume by one-half. On the other hand, reducing the pressure by half results in a doubling of the volume. A relationship in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases is referred to as an inversely proportional relationship. For help with understanding inverse relationships, see the Math Handbook page 905. 

Charles s law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure. For help with understanding direct relationships, see the Math Handbook, page 905. So for any two sets of conditions, Charles s law can be expressed as... 

STra data show the volume of hydrogen gas collected U at a number of different temperatures. Illustrate H these data with a graph and use them to determine the temperature at which the volume will reach a value of 0 mL. What is this temperature called For more help, refer to Drawing Line Graphs in the Math Handbook on page 903 of this text. 

Review antllogs In the Math Handbook on page 910 of this text. 

Caicuiating How many moles of ATP would a yeast cell produce if six moles of glucose were oxidized completely in the presence of oxygen How many moles of ATP would the yeast cell produce from six moles of glucose if the cell were deprived of oxygen For more help, refer to Arithmetic Operations in the Math Handbook on page 887 of this textbook. 

Converting Units Table 25-2 gives Approximate Energy values in units of MeV. Convert each value into joules using the following conversion factor (1 MeV = 1.61 X 10 J). For more help, refer to Unit Conversion in the Math Handbook on page 901 of this textbook. 

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