Microparticles energy transfer

Henry MR, Wilkins Stevens P, Sun J, Kelso DM (1999) Real-time measurements of DNA hybridization on microparticles with fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Biochem 276 204-214... 

L. M. Folan, S. Arnold, and S. D. Druger, Enhanced energy transfer within a microparticle, Chem. Phys. Lett. 118, 322-327 (1985). 

Figure 10. Proposed Adaptation of a Fluorescence Energy Transfer Immunoassay to the Microparticle Sensor Design. A mixture of two different microparticles, each containing different reagents, are entrapped physically in the polyacrylamide layer. The reagents released from the microparticles set up a competition reaction between the free and labeled antigens for the available binding sites of labeled-antibody. The immunocomplexes formed have different emission spectra, allowing quantitation of free antigen concentration.

After this first report of NIR electroluminescence using Er hydroxyquinolinate, H. Suzuki et al. investigated the luminescence characteristics of this complex under different sample forms which can further be used as NIR emissive materials. Three types of samples have been prepared vacuum-deposited thin-films, doped spin-coated IR polymer films and doped polymer microparticles (Suzuki et al., 2003). Typical NIR luminescence of the Er ion was observed at 1.55 pm for each sample form and with higher intensities when excitation was performed in the ligand absorption bands instead of directly in the Er excited levels. This clearly indicates that sensitization of Er -centered luminescence occurs through ligand-to-metal energy transfer. For the doped monodispersed PMMA microparticles the lower lumi-... 

The ubiquitous temperature effects on luminescent sensors can be referenced and compensated with dual luminophore preparatiOTis. Several approaches of dual optical sensors have been demonstrated, that can be used for simultaneous determination of oxygen and temperature, or CO2 and temperature, respectively [114,115]. Luminescent temperature indicators have also been employed as reference components in PSPs (see Sect. 3.1). These have foimd widespread application in fluid mechanics and aerodynamic wind tunnel tests. The real-time imaging of dynamic flow processes on model surfaces are of high significance for aerospace and car industry. To avoid interferences or energy transfer between the oxygen and temperature sensitive dyes, these can be incorporated into different types of polymer microparticles [116]. 

Kovalainen M, Monkare J, Makila E, Salonen J, Lehto V-P, Herzig KH, Jarvinen K (2012) Mesoporous silicon (Psi) for sustained peptide delivery effect of Psi microparticle surface chemistry on peptide Yy3-36 release. Pharm Res 29(3) 837-846 Kovalev D, Gross E, Kunzner N, Koch F, Timoshenko VY, Fujii M (2002) Resonant electronic energy transfer from excitons confined in silicon nanocrystals to oxygen molecules. Appl Phys Lett 89(13) 1374011-1374014... 

The SEM produces images due to the interaction of the electron beam and the sample, and the signals produced give information about sample. The interaction between the electron beam and the sample may produce heat, which can cause a negative effect in the case of solid-lipid microparticles. The sample can melt depending on the carrier matrix used, and this would compromise the information on the structure due to the transfer of energy from the electron beam to the sample. 

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