Energy from waste conversion

Municipal solid waste (MS W) represents a significant resource for energy recovery operations. Energy from waste (EfW) conversion process is considered one of the most efficient commercially available technologies for the production of power, combined heat and power, and liquid biofuels via the Fischer—Tropsch reaction (Howes and Warren, 2013). 

Processing and Recovery The functional element of processing and recoveiy includes all the techniques, equipment, and facilities used both to improve the efficiency of the other functional elements and to recover usable materials, conversion products, or energy from solid wastes. Materials that can be recycled are exported to facilities equipped to do so. Residues go to disposal. 

The purpose of this subsection is to introduce the reader to the tech-niqiies and methods used to recover materials, conversion products, and energy from solid wastes. Topics to be considered include (I) processing techniques for solid waste, (2) processing techniques for hazardous wastes, (3) materials-recoveiy systems, (4) recovery of biological conversion products, (5) therm processes, and (6) waste-to-energy systems. 

In the United States about 3 percent of all electricity produced comes from renewable sources of this a little more than half comes from biomass. Most biomass energy generation comes from the lumber and paper industries from their conversion of mill residues to in-house energy. Municipal solid waste also is an important fuel for electricity production approximately 16 percent ot all municipal solid waste is disposed of by combustion. Converting industrial and municipal waste into bioenergy also decreases the necessity for landfdl space. 

A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and eqtrip-ment to produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals from biomass. Biorefinery is the co-production of a spectram of bio-based products and energy from biomass. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today s crude oil refinery. Biorefinery is a relatively new term referring to the conversion of biomass feedstock into a host of valuable chemicals and energy with minimal waste and emissions. 

S. Moriya, Study of recycled fuel oil for diesel engine extracted from waste plastics disposals by the Ecology Process, Proceedings of the 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Las Vegas, 24-27 July 2002. 

Feldmann, Herman F., "Conversion of Forest Residues to a Methane Rich Gas", Energy From Biomass Wastes Symposium, Washington, D.C., August 14-18, 1978. 

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