Energy conversion vector

Theory [4] allows us to calculate the power conversion coefficients as ratios of the components of the energy flux vectors normal to the plane of the 2D system at zero order of diffraction as... 

Analogies between temporal oscillators are frequently discussed topics in physics. A certain number of simple examples are given in Table 9.3. The characterization of each system by its generalized capacitance and inductance (eventually space reduced) is the proof that the respective energy subvarieties are supported by the system. In this table, all these system constitutive properties are assumed to be scalars or vectors, but not operators. The notion of analogy is not to be understood here as a fortuitous coincidence but as recognition of the same fundamental mechanism of energy conversion. 

Further, if the SU 2) theory for B potentials are right-handed chiral and the SU 2) theory for 4 ( potentials are left-handed chiral, then we see that a chiral theory at high energies can become a vector theory at low energies. The converse may also be true in another model. 

Fig. 4.59 illustrates the flow pattern determined by Eqs (4.45) and (4.47). The distribution of the velocity vectors is shown for the case when the axial velocity component equals (ux - 1). Eqs. (4.45) and (4.47) allow us to find temperature and degree of conversion distributions in the frontal zone based on the fundamental balance equations. These equations differ from Eqs. (4.36) and (4.47) because they take into account convective heat transfer along the z-direction. The dimensionless forms of the main determining equations are as follows energy balance... 

The limiting values of the fluorescence anisotropy are 0.4 and -0.2, corresponding to parallel and perpendicular absorption and emission dipoles, respectively. For a chromophore undergoing internal conversion, the change in angle between the two vectors can be instantaneous. It may also be caused by energy transfer or physical motion. On the laboratory scale, the time-resolved anisotropy decay is determined as ... 

It is obvious that the production efficiency of the methanol vectors is lower than gasoline production efficiency, due to the conversion of the primary energy (hydro)electric power to a completely different energy carrier. As shown in Fig.l the primary energy demand for the production of methanol is 9.5 (conc.-C02) and 11.4 kWh/1 methanol (air-C02). This is corresponding to an efficiency for the fuel generation of 45.8 and 38.1%, respectively... 

However, to overcome present barriers, sustainable energy vectors should be developed in a harmonized way, taking into account all possibilities and related technologies, and not be limited to one or few sources. For example, in the transportation sector, several technologies present great potential biomass conversion into biofuels, hydrogen fuel cells, hybrid engines and the exploration of metal... 

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