Hybrid engine

Electric Motors Research Development Electronic Propulsion Systems Hybrid Engine Technology Power Generator Control Systems Software... 

Hybrid rocket motors use propellants in two different states of matter, usually a solid fuel and a liquid or gaseous oxidizer. Like liquid rockets and unlike solid rockets a hybrid engine can be turned off easily but due to the fact that fuel and oxidizer (different states of matter) would not mix in the case of an accident, hybrid rockets fail more benignly than liquid or solid motors. 

The specific impulse is generally higher than that for solid motors. A hybrid engine usually consists of a pressurized tank (oxidizer) and a combustion chamber containing the solid propellant (fuel). When thrust is desired, the liquid oxidizer flows into the combustion chamber where it is vaporized and then reacted with the solid fuel at chamber pressures of about 7-10 bar. 

However, to overcome present barriers, sustainable energy vectors should be developed in a harmonized way, taking into account all possibilities and related technologies, and not be limited to one or few sources. For example, in the transportation sector, several technologies present great potential biomass conversion into biofuels, hydrogen fuel cells, hybrid engines and the exploration of metal... 

Finally, widespread awareness for environmental concerns has sparked initiatives for new car propulsion systems, such as electrical engines in conjunction with batteries and/or fuel cells, and small turbines and hybrid engine systems that include both an electrical engine together with batteries as well as a small internal combustion engine used to reload the battery. Currently, it is believed that electrical engines powered by full cells are most likely to succeed. 

Despite the interest of such energetic IL-based hybrid engine, the current development replaced EIL by hydrogen peroxide this is most probably due to the formation of major nitric acid (kinetic product) instead of expected oxygen (thermodynamic product) during thermal or catalytic decomposition of HAN ... 

Lanthanum (La) 32 22 600 000 12 500 (1800) Hybrid engines, metal alloys, catalysis, phosphors (GE), carbon arc lamps, cigarette lighter flints "... 

Neodymium (Nd) 38 16 700 000 7300 (2300) Catalysis particularly auto, petroleum refining, hard drives in laptops, headphones, hybrid engines, Nd-Fe-B magnets, - "... 

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