Energy control procedures mechanical

Affected employees need to be instructed on the purpose and use of energy control procedures, but do not need to have the same level of training as the mechanics. 

All equipment control valve handles must be provided with a means for locking out. The lockout procedure requires that stored energy (i.e., mechanical, hydraulic, air) be released or blocked before equipment is locked out for repairs. 

Gases are more mobile than solids and liquids in that they are already in the vaporized state, therefore, they disperse readily with little or no energy input. Various mechanisms, procedures and hardware exist to contain, use, and dispose of gaseous chemicals. An understanding of the physical and chemical properties of a gas is mandatory prior to its use. Also an appreciation of the components used to contain, control, use, and dispose of gases in a responsible manner, should be developed. 

Many workplaces have high accident incidence and severity rates because they are hazardous. Hazards are dangerous situations or conditions that can lead to accidents. The more the hazards present, the greater the chance that there will be accidents. Most hazards are from the direct release of some form of energy (i.e., mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.). The control of hazardous energy sources is the main avenue for prevention of incidents that could result in injury, illnesses, or death. Unless safety procedures are followed, a direct relationship will exist between the number of hazards in the workplace and the number of accidents that will occur there. 

How this smoke effect varies with inert addition is best explained by considering the results of many early investigators who reported that incipient soot formation occurred in a very narrow temperature range. The various results are shown in Table 8.6. Since, as stated earlier, the incipient particle formation mechanisms for various fuels follow quite similar routes, it seems appropriate to conclude that a high activation energy process or processes control the incipient particle formation. The best concept and evidence to date is that given by Dobbins [77], It is likely that the slight variation of temperatures shown in Table 8.6 is attributable to the different experimental procedures... 

The procedure illustrated here, first verifying that kinetics and not thermodynamics exerts product control and then surveying the effect of substituents on product distributions by calculating relative transition-state energies, provides a powerful alternative to experiment for designing selective chemical reactions. Of course, it also raises the possibility (not realized in this example) that calculations can be employed to contest a supposed mechanism. 

Ref 13, p 3i the needle is moved down by means of single-stroke, mechanically-r operated electrode- control assembly, preadjusted so that the gap is less than that required for the discharge. The procedure with,this device (which is reproduced here as Fig EI3) prevents any,loss of energy. by sparking at the switch, minimizes the effects of leakage in the system, and allows only one spark to occur... 

Computational fluid dynamics involves the analysis of fluid flow and related phenomena such as heat and/or mass transfer, mixing, and chemical reaction using numerical solution methods. Usually the domain of interest is divided into a large number of control volumes (or computational cells or elements) which have a relatively small size in comparison with the macroscopic volume of the domain of interest. For each control volume a discrete representation of the relevant conservation equations is made after which an iterative solution procedure is invoked to obtain the solution of the nonlinear equations. Due to the advent of high-speed digital computers and the availability of powerful numerical algorithms the CFD approach has become feasible. CFD can be seen as a hybrid branch of mechanics and mathematics. CFD is based on the conservation laws for mass, momentum, and (thermal) energy, which can be expressed as follows ... 

---