Endothelium-derived nitric oxide

Ignarro, L. J., Biosynthesis and metabolism of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 30 (1990), p. 535-560... 

Hutchinson, P. J. A., Palmer, R. M. J., and Moncada, S. (1987). Comparative pharmacology of EDRF and nitric oxide on vascular strips. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 141, 445-451. Ignarro, L, J. (1990). Biosynthesis and metabolism of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 30, 535-560. 

III. BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF ENDOTHELIUM-DERIVED NITRIC OXIDE... 

Buga, G. M., Gold, M. E., Wood, K. S., Chaudhuri, G., and Chaudhuri, G. (1989). Endothelium-derived nitric oxide relaxes nonvascular smooth muscle. Eur. ]. Phar-macol. 161, 61-72. 

Machha A, Achike FI, Mustafa AM, Mustafa MR. 2007. Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, modulates endothelium-derived nitric oxide bioavailability in diabetic rat aortas. Nitric Oxide 16 442-447. 

In recent years, there has been great interest in the pleiotropic effects of statins (Table 3). Many of these effects have been attributed to HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and the subsequent impairment in the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates, which are downstream products of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. As a consequence, isoprenylation of proteins involved in intracellular signaling may be prevented, resulting in a variety of effects, such as an increase in bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (53). 

Nonprotein-bound iron may directly inactivate endothelium-derived nitric oxide (I), depress endothelial dysfunction, and... 

Body iron level and iron depletion play an important role in the gender differences seen in death from cardiac disease. There is a better correlation with heart disease mortality in iron levels compared with levels of cholesterol (5). It was found that risk of coronary heart disease (6) and carotid atherosclerosis (7) is associated with increased iron stores. However, impaired endothelium-derived nitric oxide activity may be without overt atherosclerosis in patients with risk factors and may be associated with the presence of atherosclerosis (4). Thus, endothelial dysfunction related to iron activity not only may be an early marker for cardiovascular risk but also may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (2) by the stimulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and membrane lipid peroxidation (I) and may be a key to the understanding of early mechanism in the development of atheroma (7,8). Nakayama et al. (9) showed the role of heme oxygenase induction in the modulation of macrophage activation in atherosclerosis. However, Howes et al. (10) concludes that at the moment, the available evidence on iron hypothesis remains circumstantial. Moreover, Kiechl et al. (7) showed that the adverse effect of iron is hypercholesterolemia, In patients... 

Fulton, D., Gratton, J. R, McCabe, T. J., Fontana, J., Fujio, Y., et al. 1999. Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt. Nature 399 597-601. 

Vallance P, Benjamin N, Collier J. The effect of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation in mai. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992 42 37-41. 

Hirata Y, Hayakawa H, Suzuki E, Kimura K, Kikuchi K, NaganoT, Hirobe M, Omata M Direct measurements of endothelium-derived nitric oxide release by stimulation of endothelin receptors in rat kidney and its alteration in salt-induced hypertension. Circulation 91 1229-35,1995... 

Morcos SK, Oldroyd S, Haylor J Effect of radiographic contrast media on endothelium derived nitric oxide-dependent renal vasodilatation. Br J Radiol 70 154-9,1997... 

Vallance, P., Collier, J., and Moncada, S. (1989). Effects of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on peripheral arteriolar tone in man. Lancet 2, 997-1000. 

II. Regulation of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Formation ... 

Ignarro, L. J., (1989). Biological actions and properties of endothelium-derived nitric oxide formed and released from artery and vein. Circ. Res. 65, 1-21. 

Ignarro, L. J. (1989b). Endothelium-derived nitric oxide Actions and properties. FASEB J. 3, 31-36. 

Anandamide has been shown to act via the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the rat kidney (Dentsch et al., 1997). A range of human blood vessels and the right atrium have also been shown to release nitric oxide in response to anandamide (Bilfinger et al., 1998). However, in many instances (see Randall etal., 1996 White and Ehley, 1997 Jarai etal., 1999), vasorelaxant responses to anandamide are insensitive to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. In HUVECs, Maccarrone et al. (2000) reported that anandamide and the CB agonist, HU210, both cause an upregulation of the expression and activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Mukhopadhyay et al. (2002) demonstrated that the endothelium-dependent component was G protein coupled and mediated via nitric oxide, whereas the endothehum-independent component was due to activation of vanilloid receptors, at least in rabbit aortic rings. 

Higashi Y (2009) Edaravone for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Expert Opin Pharmacother 10 323-331 Ho PW, Reutens DC, Phan TG, Wright PM, Mtukus R, Indra I, Young D, Donnan GA (2005) Is white matter involved in patients entered into typical trials of neuroprotection Stroke 36 2742-2744... 

Ignarro LJ, Ross G, Tillisch J (1991) Pharmacology of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and nitrovasodilators. West J Med 154 51-62... 

Isaacson T, Hampl V Weir E, Nelson D, Archer S. Increased endothelium-derived nitric oxide in h pertensive pulmonary circulation of chronically h3q>oxic rats. J Appl Physiol 1994 76 933-940. 

Hampl V Weir EK, Archer SL. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is less important for basal tone regulation in the pulmonary than the renal circulation of the adult rat. J Vase Med Biol 1994 5 22-30. 

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