Endometrial cancer markers

DeSouza, L., Diehl, G., Rodrigues, M.J., Guo, J., Romaschin, A.D., Colgan, T.J., Siu, K.W. (2005). Search for cancer markers from endometrial tissues using differentially labeled tags iTRAQ and cICAT with multidimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. 4, 377-386. 

Increases in both serum and urine TATI are common in ovarian cancer. In mucinous ovarian cancers, approximately 45% of patients have increased TATI in stage I, and 90% to 100% have increases by stage Fifly-five percent to 60% of patients with late stage endometrial cancer have increased serum TATI however, only 20% show an increase in early stages. TATI is increased in cervical cancer, but squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and CEA are better markers. 

A comparative study of malignant and normal endometrial tissues yielded a panel of proteins displaying differential expression in malignant tissues. A prominent putative marker was identified as chaperonin 10 by both MALDI-Qq-TOF and ESI-Qq-TOF-MS, confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry [73], A comparison of sera of patients with endometrial cancer with those of healthy females using SELDI-TOF-MS (weak cation exchange chips) yielded a number of putative biomarkers upon evaluations with three data mining tools (a tree classifier, Biomarker Wizard, and Biomarker Patterns System). The diagnostic pattern combined with 13 putative markers made it possible to differentiate patients with endometrial cancer from healthy subjects with specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 92.5% [74]. 

Droloxifene (3-hydroxy-tamoxifen) behaves as an estrogen agonist in bone tissue and several lipid and coagulation markers in castrated rat models and does not show stimulation of the endometrial epithelium in preclinical studies (Ke et al. 1997). Endometrial stimulation has, however, been observed in clinical trials, which, together with the fact that as an estrogen agonist it is ten times less potent than tamoxifen in bone tissue and lipid metabolism (Hendrix et al. 2001) and that in a recent head-to-head comparison with tamoxifen droloxifene was demonstrated not to be superior in any parameter of breast cancer treatment efficacy (Buzdar et al. 2002), has resulted in cancellation of its clinical development. 

Gadducci, A. Cosio, S. Carpi, A. Nicolini, A. Genazzani, A.R. Serum tumor markers in the management of ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2004, 58 (1), 24-38. 

In women aged 35 to 70 with at least one first-degree relative with breast cancer, administration of 40 mg of red clover isoflavones daily for 3 years did not result in any significant differences in breast density, endometrial thickness, serum cholesterol, follicle-stimulating hormone levels, or bone mineral density, as compared to placebo. In postmenopausal women, some differences in bone marker levels were seen between active and placebo groups at 6 and 12 months (Powles et al. 2008). 

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