Enchytraeus crypticus

Sverdrup, L.E., Jensen, J., Kelley, A.E., Krogh, P.J., Stenersen, J. (2002) Effects of eight polycyclic aromatic compounds on the survival and reproduction on Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta, Clitellata). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21, 109-114. 

Jensen J., P.H. Krogh, and L.E. Sverdmp (2003). Effects of the antimicrobial agents tiamuhn, olanquindox and metronidazole and the anthelmintic ivermectin on the soil invertebrate species Folsomia fimetaria (Collembola) and Enchytraeus crypticus (Ench3draeidae). Chemosphere 50 437-443. 

Posthuma L, Baerselman R, van Veen RPM, Dirven-Van Breemen EM. 1997. Single and joint toxic effects of copper and zinc on reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus in relation to sorption of metals in soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 38 108-121. 

Kuperman RG et al., Survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) in a natural sandy loam soil amended with the nitro-heterocyclic explosives RDX and HMX, Pedobiologia, 47, 651, 2003. 

Kuperman RG et al., Toxicity of emerging energetic soil contaminant CL-20 to pot-worm Enchytraeus crypticus in freshly amended or weathered and aged treatments, Chemosphere, 62, 1282, 2006. 

Kuperman RG et al., Toxicities of dinitrotoluenes and trinitrobenzene freshly amended or weathered and aged in a sandy loam soil to Enchytraeus crypticus, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 1368, 2006. 

The ecotoxicological data selected for developing soil invertebrate-based ETVs that can be proposed as screening concentrations for RDX, HMX, CL-20, TNT, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and TNB are summarized in Table 12.3. These toxicity benchmark values were established in definitive tests with the soil invertebrates earthworm Eisenia fetida [33], potworm Enchytraeus crypticus [34], and collembola Folsomia Candida [35], These species are representative surrogates of species that normally inhabit a wide range of site soils and geographical areas. Reproduction measurement endpoints in these tests were more sensitive compared with adult survival [24-28,31] and were consequently used for derivation of proposed soil invertebrate-based ETVs. These endpoints included cocoon production and juvenile production for earthworms, and juvenile production for potworms and collembola. 

Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Potworm (Enchytraeus crypticus) Collembolan (Folsomia Candida)... 

Sverdrup LE, Hartnik T, Mariussen E, Jensen J (2006) Toxicity of three halogenated flame retardants to nitrifying bacteria, red clover (Trifolium pratense) and a soil invertebrate (Enchytraeus crypticus). Chemosphere 64 96-103... 

Droge, S. T. J. Paumen, M. L. Bleeker, E. A. J. Kraak, M. H. S. van Gestel, C. A. M. Chronic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds to the springtail Folsomia Candida and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25, 2423-2431. 

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