Eisenia fetida

Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) held in soils containing 53 mg Cu/kg DW show a 50% reduction in cocoon production in 56 days 32 mg Cu/kg soil had no effect on cocoon production (Spurgeon et al. 1994). The LC50 (56 days) value for earthworms is 555 mg Cu/kg DW soil no deaths occur at 210 mg/kg soil during this period. Copper is more toxic to Eisenia fetida than are salts of cadmium, zinc, or lead (Spurgeon et al. 1994). Copper adversely affects the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Ma 1984). Concentrations of 150 mg Cu/kg surface soil from an accidental spill of copper... 

Neuhauser, E.F., R.C. Loehr, D.L. Milligan, and M.R. Malecki. 1985. Toxicity of metals to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Biol. Fertil. Soils 1 149-152. 

Pentachlorophenol applied to beech forest soils every 2 months for 2 years at the rate of 1.0 g/m2 markedly reduced populations of soil organisms. At 5.0 g/m2, it drastically reduced most of the soil animal species and also the microflora (Zietz et al. 1987). Reduction of the soil metabolism by PCP retards decomposition and affects the overall nutrient balance of forest ecosystems (Zietz et al. 1987). Pentachlorophenol is more toxic to earthworms in soils with comparatively low levels of organic materials. The LC50 (14-day) value for Lumbricus rubellus was 1094 mg PCP/kg DW soils with 6.1% organic matter, and 883 mg/kg DW soils with 3.7% organic matter (Van Gestel and Ma 1988). The earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei is more sensitive than Lumbricus rubellus ... 

De-Nardo EAB, Sinderman A, Grewal SK, Grewal PS. Non-susceptibility of earthworm Eisenia fetida to the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a biocontrol agent of slugs. Biocont Sci Technol. 2004 14 93-98. 

Neuhauser EF, Loehr RC, Malecki MR, Milligan DL, Durkin PR. The toxicity of selected organic chemicals to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. J. Environ. Qual. 1985 14 383-388. 

LC50 (contact) for earthworm Eisenia fetida) 49 pg/cm (Neuhauser et al, 1985). 

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