Enamel fluoride uptake

Bitner, T. J. Weir, S. H. (1973). Fluoride uptake and acid solubility of enamel exposed to carboxylate cement containing MFP. Journal of Dental Research, 52, 157-62. 

Wei, S. H. Y. Sierk, D. L. (1971). Fluoride uptake by enamel from zinc phosphate cement containing stannous fluoride. Journal of the American Dental Association, 83, 621—4. 

As there is no remodelling for enamel and dentine mineral, the incorporation process of fluoride appears in these cases rather different. Two processes have been considered the fluoride uptake during tooth formation and the uptake resulting from saliva and/or topical applications. The fluoridation process of... 

K. Kawai, D. Tantbirojn, A.S. Kamalawat, T. Hasegawa, D.H. Retief, In vitro enamel and cementum fluoride uptake from three fluoride-containing composites. Caries Res. 32 (1998) 463-469. 

In contrast to skeletal bone and dentine, which accumulate fluoride throughout life and whose levels are proportional to the absorbed dose of fluoride, fluoride in enamel is not an appropriate biomarker, because most of its fluorine was taken up during tooth formation [2]. The post-eruptive fluoride uptake of enamel is expressed only in the outer layer and depends on the concentration of fluoride in the oral cavity [6]. 

Schemehorn BR, Wood GD, Winston AE Laboratory enamel solubility reduction and fluoride uptake from enamel on dentifrice. J Clin Dent 1999 10(1 Spec No) 9-12. 

Mellberg JR, Loertscher KL Comparison of in vitro fluoride uptake by human and bovine enamel from acidulated phosphate-fluoride solutions. J Dent Res 1974 53 64-67. 

Voellkopf, U., Paul, M. and Denoyer, E.R. (1992). Analysis of solid samples by ICP-mass spectrometry, Fres. Z. Anal. Chem. 342, 907-916 Wei, S.H.Y. (1973). Enamel microsampling technique for assessing fluoride uptake from topical fluoride treatments in vitro, J. Dent. Res. 52,1268-1272 Williams, D.M. (1979). Trace metal determinations in blood obtained in evacuated collection tubes, Clin. Chim. Acta 99, 23-29... 

D Bohrer, Z Hirschfield and 1 Gedalia, Fluoride uptake in vitro by interproximal enamel fiom dental floss impregnated with amine fluoride gel , J. Dentistry 1983 11 271-273. 

Hallsworth, A. S. Weatherall, J. A. (1969). The microdistribution, uptake and loss of fluoride in human enamel. Caries Research, 3, 109-18. 

Grobler SR, Ogaard B, Rolla G Uptake and retention of fluoride in sound dental enamel in vivo after a single application of neutral 2% sodium fluoride, in Rolla G, Sonju T, Embery G (eds) Tooth Surface Interactions and Preventive Dentistry. London, IRL Press Ltd, 1981, pp 17-25. 

Gibbs CD, Atherton SE, Huntington E, Lynch RJM, Duckworth RM Effect of low levels of fluoride on calcium-uptake by demineralised human enamel. Arch Oral Biol 1995 40 879-881. 

Until recently it was thought that when the apatite lattice contains fluoride, it is more stable in the presence of acid than when fluoride is not present. However, experiments showed that enamel initially dissolves in acid at the same rate, whether it contains fluoride or not. When fluoride is present in enamel, however, the rate of solution of enamel falls very rapidly with time compared with the rate for enamel which does not contain fluoride. It therefore appears that fluoride ions are only effective in reducing enamel solubility when in solution. The uptake of fluoride by the enamel surface and by carious enamel is especially important in protecting these vulnerable areas by forming a local immobilized store some of which will be released in the presence of acid and will protect the enamel in its immediate neighbourhood from further attack by the acid. 

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