Spectra, sample

FIG. 4 PCA similarity map defined by the principal components 1 and 2 for the tryptophan emission spectra. Samples were coded NHO, NHP, HOM, and HOP for raw, heated, homogenized, and homogenized -I- heated milks, respectively. Each label corresponds to a spectrum. 

To record the infrared spectra, samples of the parent kaolinite and the three hydrates were dispersed in a fluorinated hydrocarbon. The mulls were squeezed between calcium fluoride plates and the sample was placed directly in the beam of a Perkin-Elmer 683 spectrometer. This mounting technique results in a tendency for the clay layers to align themselves perpendicular to the beam of the spectrometer. Infrared spectra of these materials have been pub-... 

A major difference between the GRS and TES-derived chemical datasets is that y-rays penetrate and measure to 20-30 cm depth, whereas TES spectra sample only the outermost micron of surface grains. As we will see, surface alteration of rocks and soils has modified their compositions to such an extent that the TES data no longer give bulk sample chemistry, although they still provide valuable information on chemical alteration. 

Stimulated emission pumping spectra of HCP X1 have been recorded via the A lA" [12] and C lA states [5]. These 0.05-cm-1 resolution spectra sample eigenstates rather than feature states, extending to Vib - 25,315 cm-1, above the X state zero-point level, about 1300 cm-1 above the ab initio predicted linear HPC saddle point [5, 13]. 

The SEP spectra sample a large set of completely assignable vibrational eigenstates as well as some partially assignable interlopers, which are also vibrational levels of the HCP X state, made observable either by perturba-... 

Fig. 2.22. Measurement of NOE enhanced coupled 13C NMR spectra sample 2,4,6-trichloro-pyrimidine. 75% by vol. in hexadeuteriobenzene, 25 °C, 20 MHz ...

Figure 3. Fluorescence spectra—sample injected in an ethylene-air flame upper figure, pyrene 8 mm downstream of injection point lower figure, fluoranthene 13 mm downstream of injection point fuel equivalence ratio of 1.7 fluorescenceanalyzing bandpass of 4 nm.

What is not too surprising is that the one-photon LIF spectrum (Fig. 2.13a) and two-photon OODR spectra (Fig. 2.13b) are similar, since these spectra sample the same Si level structure. The major differences between these panels lies in the intensity relationships of the bands within the progressions. These differences can be understood by recognizing that the OODR is a sequential process where a substantial time delay is introduced between the pump and the probe photons. Thus the Franck-Condon factors for the S2<—Si <— So process is a... 

The intent of this chapter is not to survey noninvasive surface spectroscopy but to illustrate briefly how it is applied to resolve the Stummian issue of whether inner-sphere surface complexes form. For this purpose, the application of electron spin resonance (ESR), electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies to elucidate metal cation speciation and the use of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to detect surface anion species will be described. Emphasis will be on the interpretation of spectra. Sample preparation and instrumentation details were reviewed in recent volumes edited by Hawthorne (55) and Perry (27). Because the constant capacitance model was developed in the context of adsorption by hydrous oxides, these... 

For the measurement of FTIR spectra, sample powder was pressed (3 MPa) into the self-supported disk of 5-10 mg cm . Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) was carried out for FSMN at the rate of 5 K min in a flow of He (60 ml min ). 

Figure 32 Thermal variation of xmT (samples A and B) and selected Mossbauer spectra (sample A), of [Fe(tvp)2(NCS)2]"CH30H. Reproduced with permission from ref. 101.

Some experimental quantities, such as spectra, need to be transformed in some way before they are used as descriptors. For example, infrared spectra signals (IR spectra) sampled at 10 cm in the fingerprint region (1500-600 cm ) were used as vectorial descriptors, each spectrum being scaled in the range 0-100 [Benigni, Passerini et al, 1999a]. 

Figure 3. Influence of peracetylation on product ion spectra. Sample firee and peracetylated 3-Z)-glucopyranosyl-anthranilate ESI positive CID 1.8 mTorr Ar, -15eV HPLC RP-18 2 x 100 nun, 200 pl/min MeCN-H20-5 mM TFA.

Acquisition of Spectra sample source sample purity sample preparation spectrometer type spectral resolution additional data possible (e.g., special sample conditions file format)... 

The combination of 2-DE gels with mass spectrometry results in huge amounts of data. It is essential to manage this data in a centralised way in order to simplify its analysis and database updates. The bioinformatics analysis of experimental data also produce results and data, that must be managed and available at all times. A LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) is a software application that uses a relational database to assemble heterogeneous data, such as gel images, mass spectra, samples, experiments, and related documents, and also provides the tools to allow such data to be entered, tracked and reported [175]. 

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