Emergency evaluation and treatment

Emergency 911—the patient is severely ill, threatening harm to him- or herself or others and refuses treatment. In many states, the police are called, and they take the patient to a hospital for emergency evaluation and treatment. 

Even though they may not appear acutely ill, all poisoned patients should be treated as if they have a potentially life-threatening intoxication. Below is a checklist (Figure 1-1) of emergency evaluation and treatment procedures. More detailed infonnation on diagnosis and treatment for each emergency step is referenced by page and presented immediately after the checklist. 

FIGURE 1-1. Checklist of emergency evaluation and treatment procedures. 

Section I Emergency Evaluation and Treatment Section IT. Acetaminophen Amantadine Carbon Monoxide Oxalic Acid Smoke Inhalation Theophylline Vitamins Section III Oxygen Hyperbaric Oxygen Section IV Emergency Medical Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents The Toxic Hazards of Industrial and Occupationai Chemicais... 

Vilke GM, Harrigan RA, Ufberg JW, Chan TC (2004) Emergency evaluation and treatment of priapism. J Emerg Med... 

V. Treatment. For expert assistance in evaluation and treatment of victims and in on-scene management, immediately contact the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center Training Site (REAC/TS) telephone (865) 576-3131 or (865) 481-1000. REAC/TS is operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities, and assistance is available 24 hours a day. Also contact the local state agency responsible for radiation safety. 

Baren, J.M., Mace, S.E., Hendry, RL. et al. (2008) Children s mental health emergencies - part 2 emergency department evaluation and treatment of children with mental health disorders. Paediatric Emergency Care 24 (7), 485-498. 

A medical program that provides knowledgeable medical and emotional treatment should be established. This program shall ensure that victimized employees are provided with the same concern that is shown to the victims. Violence is a major safety hazard in psychiatric and acute care facilities, emergency rooms, homeless shelters, and other health care settings. Medical and emotional evaluation and treatment are frequently needed, but often difficult to obtain. 

Brown SG, Blackman KE, Stenlake V, Heddle RJ Insect sting anaphylaxis prospective evaluation of treatment with intravenous adrenaline and volume resuscitation. Emerg Med J 2004 21 149-154. Lieberman P Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 3 313-318. 

Insect sting anaphylaxis prospective evaluation of treatment with intravenous adrenaline and volume 36 resuscitation. Emerg Med J 2004 21 149-154. 

Written instructions in case of an adverse reaction usually require that the patient be directed to an emergency room for evaluation, monitoring, and treatment. Nonspecific treatment of a hypertensive crisis is as follows ... 

The objective of the TIE is to characterize and identify the specific substances responsible for toxicity. The TIE process is divided into three phases. Usually each phase is completed sequentially, but they may be conducted simultaneously when patterns of toxicity begin to emerge during Phase I. Phase I involves characterization of the toxicants through a variety of effluent treatments (U.S. EPA, 1991a and b). After completion of the Phase I characterization of an effluent, the TRE can proceed to i) TTE to evaluate various treatment methods for removal of the toxicant, ii) SI to identify the source of the toxicant, or iii) Phase II and III TIE to identify, and confirm the specific substance responsible for toxicity prior to conducting a TTE or SI. 

Ramoska EA, Spiller HA, Winter M, Borys D. A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses Toxicity and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 1993 22 196-200. 

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