Embedded components Definitions

Embedded components Components formed or inserted inside the primary interconnect substrate are said to be embedded. Embedded components can be either passives or actives (see the preceding definitions). 

The combined results of all the electron microscopic measurements alluded to in this section as well as results that had been reported by other laboratories present a model for the holoenzyme CFo F, embedded in a lipid bilayer, as shown in the lower portion of Fig. 6 (D). In this model, the a- and P-subunits in CFi are shown distributed in two overlapping layers, with the a-subunits closer to CFq. The smaller y-, 8- and e-subunits are asymmetrically distributed in the center surrounded by the a- and P-subunits. In the upper portion of Fig. 6 (D) is a top view of CFj drawn on the basis of signal-enhanced projections, such as those shown in Fig. 6 (B) and (C). The total length of CFq was found to be 8.3 nm. Although there was a lack of definitive information regarding subunits I, II and IV at the time, they were positioned above and below subunit III. The cylinder formed by the 8-kDa component of subunit III was considered to be the main pathway for proton translocation. The function of subunits I, II and IV in establishing a pathway for proton translocation or forbinding CF, was unclear at the time. ... 

Definition 2.12) underlying S has two connectivity components A and B. Assume that there are k different non overlapping embeddings j, j ckof A into M. The atoms in M that are images under the form k reactive sites in the central molecule, open for reaction with a substituent. Moreover, we suppose that there is exactly one embedding of B into each M . 

Basic definitions in a simplified form can be given and illustrated in Rg. 1.6 (Prasolov and Sosinskii, 1997 Cromwell, 2004 Chmutov et ai,2010).A knot is a smooth closed curve embedded in three-dimensional space without selfintersections a knot which is equivalent to a circle is called an unknot . A link is a collection of knots chained together where each individual knot is a link s component. A braid is a set of ascending simple non-intersecting strings which connect points Aj, A2,..., A on a line with points Bi,... 

By contrast, in the area of investigation mapped by chemical tables, components meant entities that were both imperceptible parts of chemical compounds and perceptible substances that could be separated from compounds and manipulated as ordinary materials in the laboratory. When separated from a salt, for example, the component vitriolic acid was no less an ordinary chemical substance than the compound, the salt—despite the fact that eighteenth-century chemists, too, conceived of components as agents that caused the properties of the compound. The ontological status of components and compounds was exactly the same. This understanding was embedded in chemists analytical practice—the fact that chemical analysis actually took apart compounds such as salts, isolated their components in a pure form, and resynthesized the original compound from the components. Whatever the more specific definitions of substance components such as acids, alkahs, earths, and metals were in the eighteenth century, the existence of such kind of components was never... 

The mechanical behavior of concrete should be viewed from the point of view of a composite material. A composite material is a three dimensional combination of at least two chemically and mechanically distinct materials with a definite interface separating the components. This multiphase material will have different properties from the original components. Concrete qualifies as such a multiphase material. Concrete is composed of hydrated cement paste (C-S-H, CH, aluminate, and ferrite-based compounds) and imhydrated cement, containing a network of a mixture of different materials. In dealing with cement paste behavior, basically it is considered that the paste consists of C-S-H and CH with a capillary system. The model of concrete is simplified by treating it as a matrix containing aggregate embedded in a matrix of cement paste. This model provides information on the mechanical properties of concrete. 

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