Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Figure 5.3. Zinc reactor column for generation of arsine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source Author s own files... 

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry with Zeeman background correction was used by Zhang et al. [141] for the determination of cadmium in seawater. Citric acid was used as an organic matrix modifier and was found to be more effective than EDTA or ascorbic acid. The organic matrix modifier reduced the interferences from salts and other trace metals and gave a linear calibration curve for cadmium at concentrations < 1.6 pg/1. The method has a limit of detection of 0.019 pg/1 of cadmium and recoveries of 95-105% at the 0.2 pg of cadmium level. 

M. B. Arain, T. G. Kazi, M. K. Jamali, N. Jalbani, H. I. Afridi, R. A. Sarfraz and A. Q. Shah, Determination of toxic elements in muscle tissues of five fish species using ultrasound-assisted pseudodigestion by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry optimisation study, Spectrosc. Lett., 40(6), 2007, 861-878. 

Figure 21-10 Reduction of interference by using a matrix modifier, (a) Graphite furnace temperature profile for analysis of Mn in seawater, (b) Absorbance profile when 10 xL of 0.5 M reagent-grade NaCl is subjected to the temperature profile in panel a. Absorbance is monitored at the Mn wavelength of 279.5 nm with a bandwidth of 0.5 nm. (c) Reduced absorbance from 10 nl of 0.5 M NaCl plus 10 of 50 wt% NH4NO3 matrix modifier. [From M. N. Quigley and F. Vernon, "Matrix Modification Experiment lor Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." J. Chem. Ed. 1996, 73. 980.]...

S. M. Hopfer, L. Ziebka, F. W. Sunderman, J. R. Sporn, B. R. Greenberg, Direct analysis of platinum in plasma and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 19 (1989), 389D396. 

Fleming and Taylor described a method for the determination of total arsenic in organoarsenic compounds by arsine generation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a flame-heated silica furnace. Denyszyn and coworkers collected arsine at the 2 /rg/m level produced from organoarsine compounds, on charcoal, then desorbed the arsine in acid and analysed it by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean percentage recovery and standard deviation were, respectively, 89.1% and 0.10. 

Schermeier AJ, O Coimor LH, Pearson KH. Semi-automated determination of chromium in whole blood and serum by Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin Chem Acta 1985 152 123-34. 

Suistomaa U, Saaraneu M, Vanha-Perttula T. 1987. Determination of selenium in human spermatozoa and prostasomes using base digestion and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin Chim Acta 168 323-328. 

Analytical Methods and Speclatlon Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ETAAS), differential pulse adsorption voltammetry (DPAV), isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) furnish the requisite sensitivity for measurements of nickel concentrations in biological, technical and environmental samples (Aggarwal et al. 1989, Case et al. 2001, Stoeppler and Ostapczuk 1992, Templeton 1994, Todorovska et al. 2002, Vaughan and Templeton 1990, Welz and Sperling 1999). The detection limits for nickel determinations by ETAAS analysis with Zeeman background correction are approximately 0.45 jg for urine,... 

Bertholf, R.L, Brown, S., Renoe, B.W., Wills, M.R. and Savory, J. (1983). Improved determination of aluminum in serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin. Chem., 29,1087. 

Stoeppler, M. and Brandt. K. (1980). Contribution to automated trace analysis. Part V. Determination of cadmium in whole blood and urine by electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 300,372. 

Sunderman, Jr., F.W., Marzouk, A., Crisostomo, M.C. and Weatherby, D.R. (1985). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry of nickel in tissue homogenates. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 15, 299-307. 

Edgar, D.A. and Lum, K.R. (1983). Zeeman effect electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry with matrix modification for the determination of arsenic in urine. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 16, 219-226. 

Christensen, J.M. and Pedersen, L.M. (1986). Enzymatic digestion of whole blood for improved determination of cadmium, nickel and chromium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry Measurements in rheumatoid arthritis and normal humans. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 59, 399-402. 

Gardiner, P.E., Ottaway, J.M., Fell, G.S. and Burns, R.R. (1981). The application of gel filtration and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry to the speciation of protein bound zinc and copper in human biood serum. Anal. Chim. Acta, 124, 281. 

D.O. Matthews and M.C. McGahan. Cysteine—an effective matrix modifier for determination of gold in biological samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spectro-chimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy 42 909-913, 1987. 

Smith, M. (1985) Recent work on low-level lead exposure and its impact on behaviour, intelligence and learning a review. ]. Am. Acad. Child Psychiatry, 24, 24-32 Stoeppler, M., Brandt, K. and Rains, T.C. (1978) Contributions to automated trace analysis. II. Rapid method for the automated determination of lead in whole blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analyst, 103, 714-722 Wechsler, D. (1958). The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence (Baltimore. Williams Wilkins)... 

Umbilical cord blood and capillary blood samples, collected using standardized techniques (Australian Standards Association, 1983) at age 6 months, 15 months, 2 years, and annually thereafter, were assayed for blood lead (PbB). Blood lead assays were made using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry, after standard complexing and extraction of lead (Australian Standards Association, 1984). The laboratory undertaking the analyses participates in several national and international quality control programmes. Crude blood lead levels were standardized to a packed cell volume (PCV) of 35% before being included in subsequent data analysis (except in cord blood where standardization was to a PCV of 50%). A capillary-venous correlation coefficient of + 0.97 has been achieved in a sample of children of this age using these techniques (ACH, unpublished data). 

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