Electrostatic separators capacity

TABLE 19-25 Machine Capacities of Electrostatic Separators for Mineral Applications... 

It may be added here that electrostatic separation suffers from more or less the same disadvantages as dry magnetic separation in that both require a perfectly dry feed, and both have a relatively small capacity for finely divided material. For most efficient operation, it is necessary that the feed be processed in a layer (one particle deep), but this severely restricts the throughput of the electrostatic separation process. 

The PET and aluminum chips require further drying so that they can be electrostatically separated. This is the most expensive part of the entire process. "The aluminum cap is only 1% by weight of the bottle," explains Dittman, "but the equipment to remove it represents about 30% of the investment in the plant. It s out of balance, and we are trying to remove the aluminum more cheaply." The process-which at the CPRR plant can handle about 600 lb per hour, or a potential capacity of about 5 million lb per year—generates clean, well-separated (99.9%) granulated plastic chips that can be sold to a manufacturer who uses the resins. 

Machine Capacities Table 19-25 presents machine-capacity information for electrostatic separators. 

Electrostatic separator with motor, drive, switches but excluding rectifiers, transformers, air valve controls. FOB cost = 35 000 at a (solids nominal capacity, kg/s)... 

Plant capacity is a function of feed size distribution and Hberation. Separators can accept a size range as wide as 50—1000 p.m. Capacities are typically 1000 2500 kg/(h-m) based on rotor length which could be up to 3 m and have dia 150—250 mm. The feed should be as dry as possible because moisture interferes seriously with separation. Heaters are usually provided before the feed enters the charged field. Final cleaning is often conducted in electrostatic-type separators. Electrostatic shape separation, a newer form of ion bombardment separation, involves separation of particles based on shape and density without consideration to conductivities (37). 

As the filter accumulates dust, the pressure loss increases, and the dust removed improves the normal separation. Another effect can be seen with electrostatically charged filter material. During operation, the impurities neutralize the material, and the filter s capacity to separate is reduced. Figure 9.3" shows exam-... 

An electric field induces a dipole moment in non-polar solvent molecules and consequently these molecules become electrostatically aligned with the electric field according to the field polarity. Hence, the dielectric constant describes the capacity of a solvent to separate the electric charges of a solute through an appropriate orientation of its molecules. 

In order to determine which expls are capable of ignition by an electrostatic discharge of an energy amounted to 100000 ergs, or less it. is necessary to subject each prospective expl to the following energy requirement test . For this a layer of the expl is spread in thickness of 0.010 inch on a steel plate and is separated by a a short gap from a steel needle. This needle is so arranged that it can be thrown into a closed circuit with a condenser of known capacity, on... 

Adsorption is a physical phenomenon in which some components adsorbates) in a fluid (liquid or gas) move to, and accumulate on, the surface of an appropriate solid adsorbent) that is in contact with the fluid. With the use of suitable adsorbents, desired components or contaminants in fluids can be separated. In bioprocesses, the adsorption of a component in a liquid is widely performed by using a variety of adsorbents, including porous charcoal, silica, polysaccharides, and synthetic resins. Such adsorbents of high adsorption capacities usually have very large surface areas per unit volume. The adsorbates in the fluids are adsorbed at the adsorbent surfaces due to van der Waals, electrostatic, biospecific, or other interactions, and thus become separated from the bulk of the fluid. In practice, adsorption can be performed either batchwise in mixing tanks, or continuously in fixed-bed or fluidized-bed adsorbers. In adsorption calculations, both equilibrium relationships and adsorption rates must be considered. 

Using SEC, most accomplishments of the commonly used RP-LC technique can be employed, such as various detector options, high sample loading capacity, variability in stationary phases and up-scaling option. Often in SEC, non-size-exclusion effects such as electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the analyte and stationary phase may be observed. The separation efficiency can be improved by optimizing the mobile phase, flow rate, column length, and sample volume. Practical guidelines for SEC method development have been described [42]. 

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