Electrospinning polyacrylonitrile nanofibers

Yordem, O.S., Papila, M. and Menceloglu, YZ. 2008. Effects of electrospinning parameters on polyacrylonitrile nanofiber diameter An investigation by response surface methodology. 34-44. 

Yu DG, Zhou J, Chatterton NP, Li Y, Huang J, Wang X (2012) Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers coated with silver nanoparticles using a modified coaxial electrospinning process. Int J Nanomed 7 5725-5732... 

Wang, T, S. Kumar, Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers. Journal of applied polymer science, 2006, 102(2), 1023-1029. 

Chen J, Li Z, Chao D, Zhang W, Wang C (2008) Synthesis of size-tunable metal nanopeirticles based on polyacrylonitrile nanofibers enabled by electrospinning and microwave irradiation. Mater Lett 62(4-5) 692- 94. doi 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.06.047... 

Wang T, Kumar S. Electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2006 102 1023-9. 

Other studies in 2000 by Drew et al. reported that it is very difficult to spin fibers of PANI complexed to sulfonated polystyrene (PANFSPS), even when solutions containing sodium chloride and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt were used to lower the surface tension and thereby enhance electrospinning [16,17]. However, PANFSPS nanofibers can be produced by adding a carrier polymer such as PEO, polyacrylonitrile, or polyurethane. Also reported was the use of electrostatically layered sulfonated polystyrene as a template for the surface polymerization of conjugated polymers in their conducting form. Enzymatic synthesis of PANI and a copolymer of pyrrole and PEDOT was done on electrospun nanofiber... 

Figure 4.12 Schematic illustration of the mechanism for preparing core-shell nanostructured conductive PPy composites. (Reprinted with permission from Materials Letters, Fabrication of Polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole (PAN/Ppy) composite nanofibers and nanospheres with core shell structures by electrospinning by X. Li, X. Hao, H. Yu and H. Na, 62, 1155-1158.

Zhang, Z., et al. (2009). Polyacrylonitrile and Carbon Nanofibers with Controllable. Nanoporous Structures by Electrospinning. 

Kim, C. et al. (2004). Raman Spectroscopic Evaluation of Polyacrylonitrile-based Carbon Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning. 

Shi Q, Vitchuli N, Nowak J, Caldwell JM, Breidt F, Bourham M, Zhang X, McCord M (2011) Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers prepared by atmospheric plasma treatment and electrospinning. Fur Polym J 47 1402-1409... 

Cho et al. [34] made polyacrylonitrile membranes by electrospinning nanofibers. Membranes ranging from 25 to 35 gm thick were made. The membranes had very high ionic permeabiHty as evidenced by MacMuUin numbers (see Section 20.7) ranging from 3.7 to 6.4 versus 12 for a conventional microporous polyolefin membrane. The dry membranes showed no shrinkage at 200 °C. However, when placed in coin cells the membranes exhibited extensive shrinkage at 150 °C. 

Most recent secondary lithium batteries use carbon as its anode, replacing metallic lithium found in primary batteries. Carbon anode provides greater cell life with safety and low cost however, it also has lower cell voltage, rate capability, and specific charge (theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g ). For the improvement of these specific properties, scientists have studied various nanofibrous anode materials with improved performance with respect to the above parameters. A comparison of specific capacities of various modified and unmodified carbon nanofiber (CNF) anodes is presented in Fig. 3.3. Kim et al. prepared CNFs by combining electrospinning and thermal treatments. Due to the particular nanotexture, these polyacrylonitrile... 

Carbon nanofibers have received growing interests due to their unique chemical and physical properties, depending upon their size, surface area, and shape [63,64]. Recently, electrospinning has been shown to be a simple but powerful technique for the preparation of carbon nanoflbers by carbonization [65, 66] of the electrospun polymer nanofibers at high temperature and could be used to prepare CNFs with sub-micrometer diameters as well as some tens of nanometers to 500 nm [67, 68]. Certainly, PAN is a well-known precursor for the conventional microsized carbon fibers [69, 70] therefore, many attempts were made to prepare the electrospun-derived carbon nanofibers from pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [71-77] as PAN is a well-known precursor for the conventional microsized carbon fibers. 

Chen IH, Wang CC, Chen CY (2010) Fabrication and structural characterization of polyacrylonitrile and carbon nanofibers containing plasma-modified carbon nanotubes by electrospinning. J Phys Chem C 114(32) 13532-13539. doi 10.1021/jpl03993b... 

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