Electrospinning nanofibers, alignment

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Katta, P, M. Alessandro, R.D. Ramsier, and G.G. Ghase. 2004. Gontinuous electrospinning of aligned polymer nanofibers onto a wire drum collector. Nano Lett 4 2215-2218. 

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The use of steel blades to control Teo et al. (2005) the electric field to electrospin highly aligned nanofibers reported. 

Li, D., Y. Wang, and Y. Xia (2004c). Electrospinning nanofibers as uniaxially aligned arrays and layer-by-layer stacked films. Advanced Materials 16(4) 361-366. 

Liu Y, Zbang X, Xia Y, Yang H. Magnetic field-assisted electrospinning of aligned straight and wavy polymeric nanofibers. Adv Mater 2010 22(22) 2454—7. 

Katta, R, Alessandro, M.R., Ramsier, R.D., and Chase, G.G., Continuoirs Electrospinning of Aligned Polymer Nanofibers onto Wire Dmm Collector , Nano Letters, 4, 2215-2218, 2004. 

Fig. 1 Nanofibrous architectures created by electrospinning (a) random nanofibers, (b) porous nanofibers, (c) core-shell nanofibers, (d) aligned nanofibers (e) nano-yam, (f) hollow nanotubes...

Fig. 1 Setup for electrospinning aligned nanofibers using the (a) rotating mandrel, and the (b) parallel plate techniques, (c) Calculated electric field strength vectors and (d) electrostatic force (F) analysis associated with the parallel plate techniques [62]...

Another limitation that is specific to the parallel plate electrospinning technique is the collection of extremely thin nanofibers, which have been observed to break because they were unable to sustain the forces of their own weight and of the repulsive charges from other fibers [62]. An electrically resistive substrate inserted into the gap between the plates can provide support to fibers suspended between the plates without influencing fiber quality [62], and may also help to shield any conductive materials below the air gap, which may attract unwanted non-aligned nanofibers. Substrates with bulk resistivity greater than 10 Q cm, such as quartz and polystyrene, are suitable for placement between parallel electrodes, while materials with bulk resistivity of less than 10 Q cm, such as glass, may result in random fiber orientations [67, 68]. 

Fig. 5 (a) Electrospinning setup using an auxiliary counter electrode to direction the path of an electrospinning jet. (b, c) A tubular structure with diagonally oriented aligned nanofibers was fabricated when a mandrel was placed in the path of the jet at an angle [87]... 

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