Electropherograms acids

FIGURE 16.2 Representative base peak electropherograms from CZE runs of RPLC fractions, (a) Fraction 15 (5 peptide identifications) and (b) fraction 20 (19 peptide identifications). Column, bare fused silica capillary, 60 cm x 180 pm ODx30pm i.d. separation voltage, 15 kV observed CZE current, 1.91 p.A running electrolyte, 200 mm acetic acid + 10% isopropanol temperature, 22°C injection time, 10 s at 2 psi ( 4 nL total injection volume) supplementary pressure, 2 psi flow rate, 25nL/min spray voltage, 1.5 kV (reprinted with permission from Electrophoresis). 

A similar analysis of cochineal can be performed with the use of CE with ESI MS detection. The results are similar to those obtained with HPLC MS.[20] In the lac dye extract, the signal of laccaic acid A is found in the mass spectrum as the dominant one at m/ z 536. However, a second peak is observed on the electropherogram, and the eluted substance can be identified as laccaic acid E, on account of the mass spectrum which consists of the following signals at m/z 494 [M H], 476 [M H20 H] and 450 [M C02 H]. ... 

Figure 11 Electropherogram of a mixture of five amino acids using indirect CL detection. Conditions 21-kV separation voltage, and 2 s at 21 kV for sample injection sample concentration 0.5 mM of each amino acid. Peak identities (1) arginine (2) leucine (3) serine (4) cysteine (5) aspartic acid. (From Ref. 86, with permission.)...

Figure 13 Electropherogram of selected amino acids with end-column addition of 1 mM Ru (bpy)32+. Separation conditions 20 kV with injection of analytes for 8 s at 20 kV. Capillary, 75 im id, 62 cm long with a 4-cm detection capillary. Buffer 15 mM borate, pH 9.5. The electrode used for in situ generation of Ru(bpy)33+ was a 35-jlm-diameter carbon fiber, 3 mm long held at 1.15 V versus a saturated calomel electrode. The PMT was biased at 900 V. Peak identification (1) 100 fmol TEA, (2) 70 fmol proline (3) 1.6 pmol valine, (4) 50 pmol serine. Injection points. (From Ref. 97, with permission.)...

Fig. 17.11. Bottom CGE separation of components of poly U (sigma) in 25% pluronic F127. Top Note the resolution of two contaminants between each of the oligonucleotides from about 15 to 27 nucleotides long in this expanded section of the bottom electropherogram. Electrophoresis was performed in 25% pluronic F127 in tris-borate-EDTA buffer (90 mM tris, 90 mM boric acid, 2 mM Na EDTA, pH 8.3.) (25°C, 500 V cm-1, effective column length 30 cm). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [82],...

Fig. 3.155. Electropherogram from the analysis of a 1 000 ng/jd sample of H-acid (81.5 per cent), using 20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.5 fused-silica capillary recovered with polyimide, 52cm X 75 pm i.d. -20 kV potential, UV detection at 254 nm. Reprinted with permission from S. Borros et al. [195].

Fig. 3.164. Electropherogram of zinc phtalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid. Reprinted with permission from J. Schoefield et al. [201].

FIGURE 5 Schematic representation of the mechanism for enantiomeric separation in chiral CE of basic compounds with cyciodextrin type selectors. The model electropherograms represent I blank run with buffer electrolyte at acidic pH 2 sample run with buffer electrolyte at acidic pH, no enantiomeric separation is observed 3 blank run with background electrolyte including a selector, e.g., cyciodextrin. Note a small delay in the EOF zone and 4 sample run with background electrolyte containing a selector, e.g., cyciodextrin, resulting in enantiomeric separation of the peaks. 

Fig. 3 Electropherogram of five water-soluble vitamines thiamine (cationic), nicotinamide (nonionic), biotin (anionic), ascorbic acid (anionic), and nicotinic acid (anionic) in 20 mM phosphate run buffer at pH 8.0.

Fig. 4 (a) Electropherogram of cationic drugs with and without BS/DPPC in the background electrolyte (b) electrophoretic ionic mobilities /x of different drugs as influenced by DPPC concentration buffer x mM DPPC, 20 mM BS, 20 mM phosphate, pH = 7.4, detection 220 nm, NaGDC—glycodeoxycholic acid, Na. (From Ref. 31. With permission.)... 

Fig. 5 (a) Electropherogram of cationic drugs with and without FA (fatty acids) in... 

Fig. 4 Electropherogram of cephalosorins (1—cefpim, 2—cefpirom, 3—cepha-loridin, 4—cephlexin, 5—cefaclor, 6—cefuroxim, 7—cefotaxin) in a microemulsion system. Buffer, pH 7.0, 10 mM phosphate containing 6.49% l-butanol/0.82% ra-heptane, 1.44% glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC), and 5.685% Tween. Capillary, 48.5- (40 cm to detector) X 50-/rm ID 30 kV detection, 265 nm. (From Ref. 14.)...

Fig. 4 Stereoselective binding study of verapamil to AGP and desialylated AGP using frontal analysis. Electropherograms of 50 /aM racemic verapamil solution (A), 50 /U.M verapamil solution in 50 jjM human al-acidic glycoprotein solution (B), and 50 /jM verapamil solution in 50 /jM asiaolo al-acidic glycoprotein solution (C). (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 54. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science.)...

FIGURE 9 Electropherograms of the chiral resolution of (I) l-cyanobenz[/]isoindole (CBI)-selenomethionine and (II) CBI-selenoethionine enantiomers using a mixture of boric acid (10 mM) and phosphate buffer (30 mM, pH 7) as the mobile phase containing [i-cyclodextrin (30 mM) and taurodeoxycholic acid (50 mM) as CMPAs with sodium dodecyl sulfate (50 mM) as the mobile phase modifier (from Ref. 97). 

Fig. 34.2. Electropherograms using (A) LIF and (B) EC for simultaneous dual detection. Detection of dopamine (DA 50 pM), catechol (CA 110 pM), and flu-orescently labelled arginine (Arg 140 pM), phenylalanine (Phe 180 pM), and glutamic acid (Glu 220 pM). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright (2002) American Chemical Society.

Figure 7.2 Electropherogram of a mixture of FITC-labeled amino acids, achieved in an oxidized PDMS/glass device [20].

Figure 8.1 Electropherograms of a mixture of three FTTC-labeled amino acids at (a) 25 and (b) 35 mm separation lengths [23].

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