Amino acids electropherograms

Figure 11 Electropherogram of a mixture of five amino acids using indirect CL detection. Conditions 21-kV separation voltage, and 2 s at 21 kV for sample injection sample concentration 0.5 mM of each amino acid. Peak identities (1) arginine (2) leucine (3) serine (4) cysteine (5) aspartic acid. (From Ref. 86, with permission.)...

Figure 13 Electropherogram of selected amino acids with end-column addition of 1 mM Ru (bpy)32+. Separation conditions 20 kV with injection of analytes for 8 s at 20 kV. Capillary, 75 im id, 62 cm long with a 4-cm detection capillary. Buffer 15 mM borate, pH 9.5. The electrode used for in situ generation of Ru(bpy)33+ was a 35-jlm-diameter carbon fiber, 3 mm long held at 1.15 V versus a saturated calomel electrode. The PMT was biased at 900 V. Peak identification (1) 100 fmol TEA, (2) 70 fmol proline (3) 1.6 pmol valine, (4) 50 pmol serine. Injection points. (From Ref. 97, with permission.)...

Figure 7.2 Electropherogram of a mixture of FITC-labeled amino acids, achieved in an oxidized PDMS/glass device [20].

Figure 8.1 Electropherograms of a mixture of three FTTC-labeled amino acids at (a) 25 and (b) 35 mm separation lengths [23].

Figure 8.27 Electropherogram of glucosamine and a mixture of amines, diamines, and amino acids at pH 9.78 [169].

Fig. 5. Electropherograms of a mixture of six FITC labeled amino acids utilizing 5 and 24 mm separation length recorded at 1060 V/cm. Sample was injected and separated on the glass chip depicted in Fig. 3 (reprinted with permission from [19]. Copyright 1993 American Chemical Society)...

Fig. 10 b. Electropherogram of amino acids and hydrolyzed dansyl chloride with postcolumn derivatization using the reactor shown above (reprinted with permission from [33]. Copyright 1996 American Chemical Society)... 

FIGURE 6.5 Electropherogram of the CE separation of six FITC-labeled amino acids in pH 9.0 buffer. A potential of 2330 V was applied between the injection and detection points, and a potential was applied to the side channels to reduce leakage of the sample. The peaks were 1, Arg 2, FITC hydrolysis product 3, Gin 4, Phe 5, Asn 6, Ser 7, Gly. The inset shows the approximate layout of the device, with a buffer-to-waste distance of 10.6 cm [324], Reprinted with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 

Figure 8.17 Electropherograms of a mixture of six FITC-labeled amino acids recorded at separation lengths of (a) L = 24 mm and (b) L = 5 mm. The electric field strength in both cases was 1060 V/cm, and the formal concentration of each amino acid was 10 mM. The buffer solution was 20 mAf boric acid/100 mAf Tris (pH 9.0). (Reprinted from Ref. 53 with permission.)...

Figure 33 Electropherogram of threonine and glutamine enantiomers using an amino acid derivative CSP immobilized onto silica particles. Conditions fused silica capillary, 30 cm x 75 mm i.d., packed segment is 15 cm in length, mobile phase is 30/70 5 mM phosphate (pH 2.5)/acetonitrile, field strength is 0.83 kV/cm. For resulting resolution, see Table 2. (Reprinted from Ref. 142, with permission.)...

Figure 2. Electropherogram of the PTH-amino acids (5 x l(f M) for calculation of the detection limits (conditions described in the text). 

Figure 12.5 shows an electropherogram recorded by this detector after the injection and separation of a mixture of 15 FITC-derivatized amino acids, and... 

Figure 7. Electropherogram of dansyl amino acids. A = -labelled lysine B = dilabelled lysine C = isoleucine D methionine ...

Figure 8 Electropherograms of dansyl amino acids. Upper in untreated glass capillary. Lower in glass capillary treated with trimethylchlorosilane. A = asparagine B = isoleucine ...

Figure 13. Electropherograms of D, L-dansyl amino acids with upper Cu(II)-L-histidine electrolyte at pH 7. lower Cu(II)-D, L-histidine electrolyte at pH 7. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 23. Copyright 1985 Science.

FIGURE 10.7 Microchip electropherogram of three 10 xM FITC-labeled amino acids (Arg, Phe, and Gin in a pH 9.2 carbonate buffer). Electrokinetic injection was performed by applying a voltage of 250 V for 60 s ( l-mmplug length). For the separation, a voltage of lOkV was applied (6.3 kV between injector and detector). The separation distance from injection to detection was 9.6 cm. (Reprinted from Seiler, K., et al.. Analytical Chemistry, 65, 1481, 1993. With permission.)... 

EOF- or chemically-induced mobilization of the focused zones past the detector, Guillo et al. illustrated the use of on-chip pumping, generated by elastomeric diaphragm pumps in a three-layer device (one PDMS layer sandwiched by two glass layers), to mobilize the zones. The authors explored the effect of mobilization flow rates on the separation of two amino acids, L-lysine and L-histidine the electropherograms can be seen in Figure 10.12. 

Figure 7 shows the channel design and typical electropherograms for a microchip device used to determine taurine and amino acids in individual fibrosarcoma cells from mice. The device enabled cell loading and lysis, electrophoretic separation, and detection based on the enhancing effect of these analytes on the chemiluminescent reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide and Cu ". The limits of detection ranged from 0.068 fmol (0.26 pM) for Glu to 0.16 fmol (0.61 pM) for Tau. 

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