Electronic journals existing

Meanwhile orbitals cannot be observed either directly, indirectly since they have no physical reality contrary to the recent claims in Nature magazine and other journals to the effect that some d orbitals in copper oxide had been directly imaged (Scerri, 2000). Orbitals as used in ab initio calculations are mathematical figments that exist, if anything, in a multi-dimensional Hilbert space.19 Electron density is altogether different since it is a well-defined observable and exists in real three-dimensional space, a feature which some theorists point to as a virtue of density functional methods. 

There exist numerous conjugated macromolecules showing high electronic conductivities after doping. Materials thus prepared are also termed synthetic metals (their significance is documented, for example, by the existence of a journal of the same name). This section presents only a very brief summary of this constantly growing field. Further information can be found in numerous reviews and monographs the most representative ones are listed below. 

In addition, the ILO publishes statistical, legal, and bibliographic materials in both printed and interactive electronic forms. The Yearbook of Labour Statistics also exists in the form of a database (LABORSTA). The ILO journal. International Labour Review, features current policy analysis on employment and labor worldwide, and the ILO also publishes the magazine World of Work and The Bulletin of Labour Statistics. As noted below, the ILO publishes other documents, databases, CD-ROMs, and videos. 

On May 4, 1923, the Dutch chemical journal Receueildes Travaux Chim-iques des Pays-Bas (42 718) received a paper from Bronsted on existing concepts of acids and bases. In this paper Bronsted demonstrated how useful it was to define an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. In the Bronsted scheme, acid-base reactions are proton transfer reactions. Every acid is related to a conjugate base, and every base to a conjugate acid. Also in this paper he pointed out that there is an analogy between the proton transfer that is characteristic of acid-base reactions and the electron transfer that is characteristic of oxidation-reduction reactions. 

Capeillere-Blandin, C., 1982, Transient kinetics of the one-electron transfer reaction between reduced flavocytochrome b2 and oxidized cytochrome c. Evidence for the existence of a protein complex in the reaction. European Journal of Biochemistry 128, 533-542. 

Berry talked about the pressing problem of databases and the laws protecting the data, especially in the European Union. The European Union database directive created a specific new kind of protection for databases that is more protective than even a copyright. As a result, a number of privately owned and distributed databases in Europe have been created, many of which are very expensive. There was one attempt in the United States to protect satellite data in this way. That idea failed because no one in space science could afford the data. There is an ongoing battle in Congress about whether to enact a law comparable to the one in Europe, Berry said. However, most scientific data are the kind of raw data that can be copyrighted. The Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, for example, is copyrighted because it contains evaluated data. Berry doubted whether truly raw data still exists from scientific experiments. When we do an experiment in my lab, we do not simply collect the electrical impulses that detectors find and print those out or put them directly onto some electronic record, Berry said. 

PLoS Biology has gotten more than 1 million COUNTER compliant downloads of articles this year, about 100,000 downloads every month, and about 4 million hits each month. PLoS publishes about 20 papers every month. PLoS Medicine had 30,000 COUNTER compliant downloads in the first week of its existence. These numbers do not include downloads at PubMed Central. PLoS also reaches areas that do not have on-line access, Siegel added. There have been cases of the full PDF of the journal being downloaded (by someone other than the author or publisher) and sent to places where quick electronic access is not feasible. 

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