ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL APPLICATIONS

Four materials play an increasingly important part in the design of advanced electronic and optical products titanium nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and silicon carbide. These materials have contributed to a sizeable extent to the dramatic progress of the semiconductor and optical industries in the last few years. The major applications are as follows. 

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Since niobates and tantalates belong to the octahedral ferroelectric family, fluorine-oxygen substitution has a particular importance in managing ferroelectric properties. Thus, the variation in the Curie temperature of such compounds with the fluorine-oxygen substitution rate depends strongly on the crystalline network, the ferroelectric type and the mutual orientation of the spontaneous polarization vector, metal displacement direction and covalent bond orientation [47]. Hence, complex tantalum and niobium fluoride compounds seem to have potential also as new materials for modem electronic and optical applications. 

Interest in cyclic olefin (co)polymers has increased dramatically over the past decade. This is because this class of polymers displays many attractive properties such as high thermal stability, high optical transparency, low dielectric constants, and low moisture absorption. Thus, these polymers can potentially be utilized in many electronic and optical applications. Although cyclic olefin (co)polymers typically include ring-opening metathesis polymers, vinyl-addition homopolymers, and vinyl-addition co-polymers with acyclic co-monomers such as ethylene, we will mainly deal with vinyl-addition homo- and co-polymers in this section. 

Magnesium Molybdate. MgMoOj. crystalline powder, soluble in w ater. Use Electronic and optical applications. 

On crystallization from aqueous solution, the dihydrate is generally obtained. The tungstates are of particular interest in electronic and optical applications, but are also used for ceramics, catalysts, pigments, corrosion, and as fire inhibitors, etc. 

Use Electronic and optical applications, high-tem-perature dry-film lubricants, starting material for crystals for lasers, phosphors. 

Use Electronic and optical applications, starting materials for growing single crystal solid-state lasers, high-temperature dry film lubricants in the form of ceramic-bonded coatings. 

Use Anticorrosion pigments, electronic and optical applications, single crystals, solid-state lasers. 

Wessels, B.W. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of ferroelectric oxide thin films for electronic and optical applications. Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1995, 25, 525-546. 

Cadmium difluoride Cadmium fluoride Cadmium fluoride (CdF2) Cadmium fluorure EINECS 232-222-0. Used in electronic and optical applications, high-temperature dry-film lubricants, starting material for crystals for lasers, phosphors. mp= 1049° bp = 1748f d = 6.33 soluble in H2O 4.3 g/IOOml soluble in HF, mineral acids, insoluble in EtOH, NH3. Atomergic Chemetals Cerac Noah Chem. 

A wide variety of routes to nanotubes, including pyrolytic, laser beam, plasma arc and electrolytic techniques, have been reviewed. However, superior nanotube yield and structural quality is needed if electronic and optical applications... 

Aksay lA, Dabbs DM, Sarikaya M (1991) Mullite for structural, electronic and optical applications. J Am Ceram Soc 74 2343-2358... 

Properties Yel. cryst. si. sol. in water sol. in acids dens. 5.347 m.p. approx. 1250 C Uses Electronic and optical applications... 

Ceramic composites can be defined as materials in which one or more ceramic materials are deliberately added to another, in order to enhance or provide some property not possessed by the original materials. Although studies of ceramic composites for structural applications dominate the literature, composites for electronic and optical applications are also of interest. For example, electroceramic composites are being developed as smart materials. ... 

Nakamura, M., Sugiyama, N., Etoh, Y, Aosaki, K., and Endo, J. (2001) Development of perfluoro transparent resins obtained by radical cyclopolymerization for leading edge electronic and optical applications. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 12, 659 -668. 

This chapter deals with the preparation of ceramic materials such as pigments by sol-gel methods. Ceramics include a wide range of materials - from pottery to electronic materials. Accordingly, it can be classified into traditional ceramics - materials developed since the early civilizations until 1940 - and advanced ceramics - materials technically developed post-1940. Clay, refractories, glasses, cements, and concretes are considered traditional ceramics, whereas ceramics used in electrical, magnetic, electronic, and optical applications as well as in structural applications at elevated temperatures are called advanced ceramics. Traditional ceramics still constitute a major part of the ceramics industry [1]. 

Prasad, P. N. and S. R. Ulrich (eds.), Nonlinear Optical and Electroactive Polymers , Plenum Press, New York, 1988. The use of these polymers for electronics and optical applications. 

Darren J. Lipomi was bom in Rochester, New York, in 1983. He earned his BA in chemistry, with a minor in physics, from Boston University in 2005. Under Prof. James S. Panek, his research focused on the total synthesis of natural produas and asymmetric reaction methodology. He earned his AM and PhD in chemistry at Harvard University in 2008 and 2010, with Prof Geoi e M. Whitesides. At Harvard, he developed several unconventional approaches to fabricate micro- and nanostructures for electronic and optical applications. He is now an Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Stanford Univereity. 

The dielectric materials important for many electronic and optical applications are acentric and many possess perovskite and perovskite-like structures. These structures are characterized by BO octahedra and a wide variety of phases can be obtained by virtue of the fact that the octahedra can be attached in several ways in building up a macroscopic phase. These structures afford considerable latitude for chemical substitution and thus for alteration of properties... 

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