Energy focusing

The accelerating voltage V for ions leaving the source and the electric-sector voltage E for energy focusing are the two electric ones. The field B is the magnetic one. 

Electrostatic analyser (ESA) An energy-focusing device used in a double-focusing mass spectrometer to increase mass specnal resolution. 

An interesting feature of this equation is that all ions of a certain m/z have the same cyclotron frequency, independent of their velocity. Hence, energy focusing is not essential for precise determination of m/z. 

T. J. Cornish and R. J. Cotter. A Curved-Field Reflectron for Improved Energy Focusing of Product Ions in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 7(1993) 1037-1040. 

Over the last thirty years, many approaches for H2 production by whole-cell and cell-free systems have been explored, and a number of pilot-scale feasibility studies have been performed. These have been reviewed in recent books (Zaborsky 1998 Miyake et al. 2000). In this chapter we review the ways in which our knowledge of hydrogenases in Nature can guide our future research on hydrogen energy, focusing on biotechnological and biomimetic approaches. 

The result is an intense field of sonic energy focused between the nozzle body and... 

Stimulants. From coca leaves chewed by native laborers in South America to brewed teas and coffees used across the globe, stimulants have been used since antiquity. In these essentially naturally occurring forms, coca and caffeine were long known to provide a boost of energy, focus attention, and decrease appetite. However, compared to today s refined stimulants, the effects were relatively mild. There is no clear evidence that these substances were used to treat the ancient antecedents of psychiatric illness in past cultures. The isolation of cocaine in the mid-1700s and the synthesis of amphetamine in the late 1800s dramatically increased stimulant use (and abuse) in society. 

As a result of the influence of the electric field on fast moving ion beams, an energy focusing operation (also known as velocity focusing ) is performed. 

Electrostatic sector field equilibr electrostatic force and centrifugal force e-E0 = — 2 - energy focusing 50 double-focusing sector field ms, tandem ms... 

Moreover, the side effects of inhalants are a bad match for driving a vehicle, operating machinery, absorbing information in a classroom, offering stable friendship, participating positively in a family, or tackling any task with energy, focus, and efficiency. 

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