Electromagnetic radiation types

Gamma ray The shortest wavelength and highest energy type of all electromagnetic radiation. It originates in the nucleus of radioactive isotopes along with alpha particle, beta particle, or neutron emissions. 

The scintillators are a special type of fluorescence indicators they are employed for the fluorimetric detection of radioactively labelled substances. They are stimulated by ) -radiation to the emission of electromagnetic radiation and will be discussed in Volume 2. 

Spectrometers are designed to measure the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a sample. Basically, a spectrometer consists of a source of radiation, a compartment containing the sfflnple through which the radiation passes, and a detector. The frequency of radiation is continuously varied, and its intensity at the detector is compar ed with that at the source. When the frequency is reached at which the sample absorbs radiation, the detector senses a decrease in intensity. The relation between frequency and absorption is plotted as a spectrum, which consists of a series of peaks at characteristic frequencies. Its interpretation can furnish structural information. Each type of spectroscopy developed independently of the others, and so the data format is different for each one. An NMR spectrum looks different from an IR spectrum, and both look different from a UV-VIS spectrum. 

Nuclear activation analysis (NAA) is a method for qualitatively and quantitatively detg elemental compn by means of nuclear transmutations. The method involves the irradiation or bombardment of samples with nuclear particles or high-energy electromagnetic radiation for the specific purpose of creating radioactive isotopes from the stable or naturally-occurring elements present. From the numbers, types and quantities of radioactive elements or radionuclides, it is possible to deduce information about the elemental compn of the original sample... 

Arrange the following types of photons of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing energy -y-rays, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves, x-rays. 

Diffraction of electromagnetic radiation by atoms and molecules occurs when the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is similar to the size of the particle that causes the diffraction—in this case, atoms or molecules, (a) Using 2.0 X 102 pm as the diameter of an atom, decide what type(s) of... 

The energy required to break a C-C bond in a molecule is 348 kJ-moD1. Will visible light be able to break this bond If yes, what is the color of that light If not, what type of electromagnetic radiation will be suitable ... 

The third common type of radiation that Rutherford identified, y radiation, is not affected by an electrical field. Like light, y radiation is electromagnetic radiation but of much higher frequency—greater than about 1020 Hz and corresponding to... 

The most common types of radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei are a particles (the nuclei of helium atoms), /3 particles (fast electrons ejected from the nucleus), and 7 rays (high-frequency electromagnetic radiation). 

The physical basis of spectroscopy is the interaction of light with matter. The main types of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter are absorption, reflection, excitation-emission (fluorescence, phosphorescence, luminescence), scattering, diffraction, and photochemical reaction (absorbance and bond breaking). Radiation damage may occur. Traditionally, spectroscopy is the measurement of light intensity... 

In a vacuum (empty space), all forms of electromagnetic radiation propagate at a velocity of 300,000 km per second, when propagating through air, water, or any kind of matter, they interact with the matter and their velocity is reduced. Differences in the manner of interaction between different forms of radiation and different types of matter generally reveal information on the nature and the constituents of matter. 

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