Electrolyte photoelectrochemical cell

T. A. Skotheim and O. Inganas, Polymer sohd electrolyte photoelectrochemical cells with n-Si-polypyrrole photoelectrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc. 132, 2116, 1985. 

A comprehensive survey of solar rechargeable PEC batteries, up to 1991, along with the historical development of photoelectrochemical cells has been given by Sharon et al. [61]. The principles and performance of solar PEC batteries with or without a membrane, with an aqueous solution or with solid-state electrolytes, are discussed there. 

Elhs AB, Kaiser SW, Wrighton MS (1976) Optical to electrical energy conversion Cadmium telluride-based photoelectrochemical cells employing telluride/ditelluride electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 98 6418-6420... 

Matsumoto M, Miyazaki H, Matsuhiro K, Kumashiro Y, Takaoka Y (1996) A dye sensitized Ti02 photoelectrochemical cell constructed with polymer solid electrolyte. Solid State Ionics 89 263-267... 

The different types of quinones active in photosynthesis are being used as electron acceptors in solar cells. The compounds such as Fd and NADP could also be used as electron/proton acceptors in the photoelectrochemical cells. Several researchers have attempted the same approach with a combination of two or more solid-state junctions or semiconductor-electrolyte junctions using bulk materials and powders. Here, the semiconductors can be chosen to carry out either oxygen- or hydrogen-evolving photocatalysis based on the semiconductor electronic band structure. 

Figure L Cell (lower left), cell energetics at maximum power point (upper left), and output characteristics (right) for an n-type WS2-based photoelectrochemical cell, The electrolyte is 12 M LiBr and Eredox = +0,64 V vs, SCE for current density multiply current shown times 32 cm 2...

A chemical bias is achieved by using two different electrolytes placed in two half-cells, with the electrolytes being chosen to reduce the voltage required to cause the chemical splitting. An n-Ti02 photoanode 4M KOH 4M HCl Pt-cathode is one example of a chemically biased photoelectrochemical cell [44]. 

The overall reaction of the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC), H2O + hv H2 -I- I/2O2, takes place when the energy of the photon absorbed by the photoanode is equal to or larger than the threshold energy of 1.23 eV. At standard conditions water can be reversibly electrolyzed at a potential of 1.23 V, but sustained electrolysis generally requires -1.5 V to overcome the impedance of the PEC. Ideally, a photoelectrochemical cell should operate with no external bias so as to maximize efficiency and ease of construction. When an n-type photoanode is placed in the electrolyte charge distribution occurs, in both the semiconductor and at the semiconductor-... 

Bhattacharya C, Datta J (2005) Studies on anodic corrosion of the electroplated CdSe in aqueous and non-aqueous media for photoelectrochemical cells and characterization of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Mater Chem Phys 89 171-175... 

The performances of the photoelectrochemical cells are strongly dependent on the composition of the electrolyte solution (Fig. 17.22). A maximum conversion efficiency of ca. 80%, in correspondence to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption maximum of N3 was obtained in the presence of 0.25 M LiI/0.025 MI2, whereas with the cobalt-based mediators, the best performances (ca. 50-55% of IPCE) were observed when solutions of Co(DTB)32+/3+ and Co(tTBterpy)22+/3 + were used. In the other investigated cases, Co(phen)32 1 /3 1, Co(tEterpy)22+/3 +, and... 

Solar energy conversion in photoelectrochemical cells with semiconductor electrodes is considered in detail in the reviews by Gerischer (1975, 1979), Nozik (1978), Heller and Miller (1980), Wrighton (1979), Bard (1980), and Pleskov (1981) and will not be discussed. The present chapter deals with the main principles of the theory of photoelectrochemical processes at semiconductor electrodes and discusses the most important experimental results concerning various aspects of photoelectrochemistry of a semiconductor-electrolyte interface a more comprehensive consideration of these problems can be found in the book by the authors (Pleskov and Gurevich,... 

It is known that the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC), which is composed of a photoelectrode, a redox electrolyte, and a counter electrode, shows a solar light-to-current conversion efficiency of more than 10%. However, photoelectrodes such as n- and p-Si, n-and p-GaAs, n- and p-InP, and n-CdS frequently cause photocorrosion in the electrolyte solution under irradiation. This results in a poor cell stability therefore, many efforts have been made worldwide to develop a more stable PEC. 

The heterojunctions of the polyacetylene were realized not only with inorganic photoconductors but also with organic polymers [139]. The results obtained show good similarity with barrier and heterojunction characteristics for inorganic semiconductors. Photoelectrochemical cell for solar energy conversion with polyacetylene electrodes and Na2S, electrolyte had an efficiency of 1 % at 2.4 eV [140], The complicated phenomena take place at the electrodeelectrolyte interface. 

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