Electrochemical detection HPLC

HPLC-based electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) is very sensitive for those compounds that can be oxidized or reduced at low voltage potentials. Spectrophotometric-based HPLC techniques (UV absorption, fluorescence) measure a physical property of the molecule. Electrochemical detection, however, measures a compound by actually changing it chemically. The electrochemical detector (ECD) is becoming increasingly important for the determination of very small amounts of phenolics, for it provides enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. It has been applied in the detection of phenolic compounds in beer (28-30), wine (31), beverages (32), and olive oils (33). This procedure involves the separation of sample constituents by liquid chromatography prior to their oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode in a thin-layer electrochemical cell. 

C. M. Selavka, I. S. Krull, and K. Bratin, Analysis for penicillins and cefoperazone by HPLC-photolysis-electrochemical detection (HPLC-hv-EC), J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 4 83 (1986). 

ECD = electron capture detection ED = electrochemical detection HPLC = high-performance liquid chromatography HRGC = high resolution gas chromatography in] = injection NR = not reported PMDE = pendant mercury drop electrode -TEA = thermal energy analyzer TLC = thin-layer chromatography... 

Nasr, M.M. Single-puff particle-size analysis of edbuterol metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Pharm.Res., 1993,10,1381—1384... 

Fundamentally, trace analysis is possible with a range of different procedures. In the organic pollutant determination, chromatographic methods such as GC, GC-MS, HPLC and, more recently immunoassay and to a greater degree, the coupling of HPLC with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) (see below) take precedence (cf. )... 

W.L. Childress, I.S. Krull and C.M. Selavka, Determination of deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) in wheat by high-performance liquid chromatography with photolysis and electrochemical detection (HPLC-hv-EC), J. Chromatogr. ScL, 1990, 28, 76-82. 

C.M. Riley, A.K. Runyan and J. Graham-Pole, Determination of doxorubicin in plasma and urine by high-perfomance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Application to the clinical pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in patients with osteogenic sarcoma. Anal. Lett., 1987, 20, 97-116. 

E.J. Eisenberg, P. Conzentino, G.G. Liversidge and K.C. Cundy, Determination of allopurinol and oxypurinol in rat plasma, intestinal wash, and bile by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) following automated solid phase extraction, Pharm. Res., 1991, 8, 653-655. 

Gonzalez de la Huebra, M.J., Vincent, U. and von Holst, C. (2007) Sample preparation strategy for the simultaneous determination of macrolide antibiotics in animal feeding stuffs by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). J. Pham. Biomed. Anal, 43, 1628-1637. 

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