Electrochemical characteristics batteries

Wang et al. [96] constructed a Na/S battery with a sodium metal anode, liquid electrolyte, and a sulfur (dispersed in polyacrylonitrile) composite cathode and tested its electrochemical characteristics at room temperature. The charge/discharge curves indicated that sodium could reversibly react with the composite cathode at room temperature. Average charge and discharge voltage was 1.8 and 1.4 V, respectively. Similar to lithium batteries, dendrite formation was noted as a critical problem for these cells. 

Said subjects are being analyzed in this work. Also, the authors have attempted to show that in order to be suitable for lithium-ion applications, a carbon-based active material has to meet a complex number of physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics. A simple check of galvanostatic behavior, which is often used today to conclude about carbon s suitability for lithium-ion battery technology, is rarely enough for making an accurate assessment. 

The capabilities of thin tin films and tin-based alloys with different metals as active materials for lithium - ion battery negative electrodes are considered. Electrochemical characteristics of such films at different substrates and mechanisms of their functioning are discussed. 

Turner R.L., Amik B., Krause L.J., Christensen L., Dahn J.R. Electrochemical Characteristics of Sn-Mo Anodes for Lithium Batteries. Proceedings of Joint (ECS ISE) International Meeting 2001 2-7 September San Francisco, 2 Abstract No. 257, 2001. 

Tatsumi K, Iwashita N, Sakaebe H, Shioyama H, Higuchi S, Mabuchi A, Fujimoto H. The influence of the graphitic structure on the electrochemical characteristics for the anode of secondary lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc 1995 142 716-720. 

Nobuatsu W, Rika H, Tsuyoshi N, Hidekazu T, Kazuo U. Solvents effects on electrochemical characteristics of graphite fluoride-lithium batteries, Electrochim Acta 1982 27 1615-1619. 

Electrochemical phenomenon associated with systems from electrochemical energy (Batteries, Fuel cells and capacitors) to electro deposition are multistep and multi-phenomena processes and hence can be veiy tedious to simulate. The multi-phenomena characteristics of the processes involved in electro deposition and other electrochemical systems including electrochemical power... 

Despite the good electrochemical characteristics and simplicity of preparation, Li Co02 is very expensive and highly toxic. These drawbacks have stimulated wide research activity targeted toward the development of alternate cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this regard, hthium nickel oxide (LiJSIi02) could be more attractive due to its lower cost and toxicity. 

A variety of experimental techniques are used to study electrochemical and battery reactions (34,42—44). The most common are the direct measurement of the instantaneous current-voltage characteristics or power curve and the discharge curve at various dischaige rates. Indeed, the dischaige performance of a typical battery is characterized by these curves as depicted in Figure 6. The characteristics of the power curve varies depending on the state of charge of the battery. 

Arie et al. [116] investigated the electrochemical characteristics of phosphorus-and boron-doped silicon thin-film (n-type and p-type silicon) anodes integrated with a solid polymer electrolyte in lithium-polymer batteries. The doped silicon electrodes showed enhanced discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over the un-doped silicon electrode, and the phosphorus-doped, n-type silicon electrode showed the most stable cyclic performance after 40 cycles with a reversible specific capacity of about 2,500 mAh/g. The improved electrochemical performance of the doped silicon electrode was mainly due to enhancement of its electrical and lithium-ion conductivities and stable SEI layer formation on the surface of the electrode. In the case of the un-doped silicon electrode, an unstable surface layer formed on the electrode surface, and the interfacial impedance was relatively high, resulting in high electrode polarization and poor cycling performance. 

Lee KL, Jung JY, Lee SW, Moon HS, Park JW (2004) Electrochemical characteristics of a-Si thin film anode for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. J Power Sources 129 270-274... 

Arie AA, Chang W, Lee JK (2010) Electrochemical characteristics of semi conductive silicon anode for lithium polymer batteries. J Electroceramics 24 308-312... 

TABLE 6 Electrochemical Characteristics of Some Polymer Batteries... 

EIS evaluates the electrochemical characteristics of a battery by applying an AC potential at varying frequencies and measuring the current response of the electrochemical cell. The frequency may vary from about 100 /iHz to 100 kHz. 100 Hz is a very low frequency that takes more than two hours to complete one full cycle. In comparison, 100 kHz completes 100,000 cycles in one second. 

The battery assembly is to a large extent automated. For the electrical separation of positive and negative plates in the sulfuric acid electrolyte, a porous PL foil pocket separates the plates of the same polarity. For the assembly of the cell packages sequences of positive and negative plates are made depending on the desired electrochemical characteristics of the battery. 

Askew, B. A., and R. Holland A High Rate Primary Lithium-Sulfur Battery, Power Sources 4 (1972). Birt, D., C. Feltham, G. Hazzard, and L. Pearce The Electrochemical Characteristics of Iron Sulfide and Immobilized Salt Electrolytes, Power Sources 7 (1978). 

Lithium Metal. The search for high-energy-density batteries has inevitably led to the use of lithium, as the electrochemical characteristics of this metal are unique. A number of batteries, both primary and rechargeable, using a lithium anode in conjunction with intercalation cathodes, were developed which had attractive energy densities, excellent storage characteristics, and, for rechargeable cells, a reasonable cycle life. Commercial success has eluded all but the primary batteries due to persistent safety problems. 

Zhao H, Li Y, Zhu Z (2008) Structural and electrochemical characteristics of Li4-xAlxTi50i2 as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 53 7079-7083... 

Park CM, Sohn FU (2010) Electrochemical characteristics of TiSb2 and Sb/TiC/C nanocomposites as anodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 157 A46-A51... 

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