Electricity power generators cooling

A furnace is a device (enclosure) for generating controlled heat with the objective of performing work. In fossil-fuel furnaces, the work appHcation may be direct (eg, rotary kilns) or indirect (eg, plants for electric power generation). The furnace chamber is either cooled (waterwaH enclosure) or not cooled (refractory lining). In this article, furnaces related to metallurgy such as blast furnaces ate excluded because they ate coveted under associated topics (see... 

Most boiler plants with electrical power generating facilities employ surface condensers. These are shell-and-tube heat exchangers in either one-, two-, or four-pass configurations. Surface condensers typically receive cooling water on the tube-side and steam on the shell-side of the heat exchanger. The LP turbine steam generally is received at the top of the condenser and proceeds through the condenser in a downward flow, while the FW turbine exhaust steam enters at the side. 

Nuclear and magneto-hydrodynamic electric power generation systems have been produced on a scale which could lead to industrial production, but to-date technical problems, mainly connected with corrosion of the containing materials, has hampered full-scale development. In the case of nuclear power, the proposed fast reactor, which uses fast neutron fission in a small nuclear fuel element, by comparison with fuel rods in thermal neutron reactors, requires a more rapid heat removal than is possible by water cooling, and a liquid sodium-potassium alloy has been used in the development of a near-industrial generator. The fuel container is a vanadium sheath with a niobium outer cladding, since this has a low fast neutron capture cross-section and a low rate of corrosion by the liquid metal coolant. The liquid metal coolant is transported from the fuel to the turbine generating the electric power in stainless steel... 

The once-through cooling system flow rate range of 239 steam electric power generation plants using coal is 0.189-6,280,000 m /plant (mean 1,130,000 m / plant), which is equal to 0.001-209,000 mVMW (mean 4,310,000 m /MW). 

Addresses piping typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems. 

Presently, the United States accounts for 50% of the world cooling tower market. About 25% of the U.S. market is with the petrochemical industry, 15% involved in personal comfort and 60% with electric power generation [1]. More than twice as many of these towers are mechanical draft, as opposed to natural draft, units. The former type are employed nationwide,... 

Chemical in South Korea in 1987.38 39 The process is based on 310 stainless steel, which resists corrosion in 98.5 percent H2S04 at temperatures up to 220°C. The intermediate absorber at Namhae takes 194°C gas from the converter third stage economizer and absorbs the S03 in 199°C, 99 percent acid. Recirculated acid from the absorber is cooled from 220°C in a 10-bar HRS boiler. The added energy recovery for this process is reported to increase the total recovery to 90 percent. Monsanto s proposed Monarch process combines HRS technology with the wet catalytic converter process (Lurgi) to increase heat recovery and shift it to high-pressure steam production for electric power generation.36... 

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