Electricity generation sensitivity

Figure 9.5. Electricity generation sensitivity analysis screen.

The electricity generation sensitivity analysis can not be done with Elsevier Edition 2.2 of HjSim. A full version of HjSim is required. 

Solar cells, 22 220, 9 729, 23 32. See also Photovoltaic (PV) cells antimony compounds, 3 53-54 dye-sensitized, 26 878 degradation of, 22 139 economics of, 22 140 efficiency of, 23 15 for electricity generation, 23 26 hydrogenated amorphous silicon in, 22 135, 136, 138-139 materials for, 23 14-15 micromorph, 22 140 polymethine dyes in, 20 516-517 silicon for, 22 507-508 silicon purification for, 22 496 stacking, 23 38-39 vitreous silica in, 22 444 Solar collectors, 23 25 Solar constant, 23 2 Solar control coatings, 23 16 Solar desalination, 26 89-94 Solar electricity, 23 51, 52 Solar energy... 

It should be noted that there are modem detonators that are designed to function without primary explosives. These usually rely on an electrically generated shock to produce detonation in a small charge of a specially prepared and sensitive charge of a secondary explosive. 

Low-iemperature Ti02 film fabrication based on an understanding of tne electron transpor1 will also open up the possibility for further reduction in production costs. Study of the environmental aspects of dye-sensitized solar ceds revealed that DSC is a suitaole alternative for the electric generator because of its earth-friendliness.105) Based on a Life Cycle Assessment in ISO 14040 standard, carbon dioxiae emission of the cell is estimated to be 19-47 g C02/kWh, whicn is 1/10 that of the gas power plant (450 g C02/kWh). " oxicity of Dye 3 is negligible because of its negative Ames test.106 ... 

The most sensitive of the military explosives classed as primary explosives. In a finely divided state, it is as sensitive as mercury fulminate. Veiy sensitive to heat, shock, and friction. Sharp blows or metal-on-metal friction is sufficient to cause detonation. Readily detonated by bullet impact and may be ignited by sparks. Not normally ignited or detonated by static electricity generated on the body or in routine handling. Extremely sensitive to ignition by lead azide but not from the spit of a fuze. Very insensitive to flame, shock, and friction in primacord so must be detonated by cap. Does not detonate under long, slow pressure. 

The sketch of the experimental set-up is shown in Figure 1. A Q-switched Nd-YAG laser, operating at 1.06 ixm and a pulse repetition 2-12.5 Hz was used to provide the fundamental (pump) beam. The peak power was 200-300 kW. The beam was focused with a 43 cm lens so that the power density on the sample placed in a thermostate was about 100-200 MW-cm. " For investigation the field-induced SHG, short pulses (tp = 20 fxs) of high voltage Up = 4kV) were provided by an electrical generator. The pulse duration was chosen from the condition Trelaxation time for dipolar (Debye) polarization, and T is the director reorientation time. Under such a condition, molecular dipoles are oriented by the field but the Fredericks transition does not take place. The sensitivity of our set-up was about 30 photons of the optical second harmonic per single laser pulse. The cell temperature was stabilized with an accuracy of 0.1° K. 

MF is highly sensitive to electrostatic discharge— ESD. The published values show a significant spread, and range from 0.51 to 0.62 mJ (Majzlik and Stmad tmpublished work) [70] to 25 mJ [30]. The comparison of sensitivity to BSD with other primary explosives is shown in Fig. 2.21. MF can be initiated by discharge of static electricity generated from the human body [29]. 

In contrast to a direct injection of dc or ac currents in the sample to be tested, the induction of eddy currents by an external excitation coil generates a locally limited current distribution. Since no electrical connection to the sample is required, eddy current NDE is easier to use from a practical point of view, however, the choice of the optimum measurement parameters, like e.g. the excitation frequency, is more critical. Furthermore, the calculation of the current flow in the sample from the measured field distribution tends to be more difficult than in case of a direct current injection. A homogenous field distribution produced by e.g. direct current injection or a sheet inducer [1] allows one to estimate more easily the defect geometry. However, for the detection of technically relevant cracks, these methods do not seem to be easily applicable and sensitive enough, especially in the case of deep lying and small cracks. 

If a wire is broken, a leakage of the magnetic flow arises. The leakage can be detected by a magneto sensitive sensor, e.g. by a Hall generator, as an electric pulse while a rope moves near the sensor. Of course, the pulses from inner broken wires are less and longer than from outer ones. 

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