Static electricity, generation

J. Gayler, R. F. Wiggins, andj. B. Arthur, Static Electricity, Generation, Measurement, andItsEffects on Textiles, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, 1965. 

Static electricity generation in machines due to bowl rotation or high feed velocity. 

Measures to reduce the rate of static electricity generation. 

In such a plant, conditions are particularly favourable for the accumulation of static electricity, due to friction between the crystals themselves, and between the crystals and parts of the plant, even between the crystal and the air, during drying. All the parts of the plant should therefore be well earthed. If they are manufactured of non-conductive material, as for example, plastics, ebonite or leather, these materials should contain conductive substances such as graphite or aluminium dust, to help dissipate the static electricity generated. 

Before 1800, electricity meant static electricity, generated by friction. It could be stored in jar-like condensers, and a number of these condensers could be discharged simultaneously, like an artillery battery, producing a very hefty shock—up to half a million volts. The sparks from such discharges could ignite gas mixtures and decompose relatively small samples of some substances. Then in 1800, Volta published a description of a new piece of apparatus, the electric pile. It was called a pile because it consisted literally of a pile of alternating disks of metals and blotting paper moistened with a salt solution. It was... 

Gayler J, Wiggins RE and Arthur JB, "Static Electricity Generation, Measurement and its Effects on Textiles", N Carolina State University, School of Textiles, Rayleigh, 1965. 

Particularly with radioactive probes, the spontaneous signals (from nonspecific radioactive spots to static electricity-generated dots) can... 

Earlier work described static electricity generation during filtration and the oil auto-oxidation due to spark discharges, respectively [74,75], It was considered that there are overlooked factors like hot spots which produce varnish in gas turbine systems. Thus, spark discharges of static electricity have a strong influence on oil oxidation. A new, simple method to test formation of varnish has been proposed [76]. Typical varnish problems are shown in Figs. 8.9 and 8.10. 

The most sensitive of the military explosives classed as primary explosives. In a finely divided state, it is as sensitive as mercury fulminate. Veiy sensitive to heat, shock, and friction. Sharp blows or metal-on-metal friction is sufficient to cause detonation. Readily detonated by bullet impact and may be ignited by sparks. Not normally ignited or detonated by static electricity generated on the body or in routine handling. Extremely sensitive to ignition by lead azide but not from the spit of a fuze. Very insensitive to flame, shock, and friction in primacord so must be detonated by cap. Does not detonate under long, slow pressure. 

People who make and handle fireworks wear cotton clothes (down to their underwear) because the static electricity generated from synthetic fibers can ignite fireworks. 

In 1936, C. L. Norton (see Table 1.2) used a plate collector electrode in conjunction with a static electricity generator in his design to provide a transverse intermittent electromotive force to improve fiber quality and collection. 

Purging involves removing a foel vapor from an enclosed space and completely replacing it with air or inert gas. The purging operation can involve static electricity generation if steam jets or CO2 jets are discharged into... 

MF is highly sensitive to electrostatic discharge— ESD. The published values show a significant spread, and range from 0.51 to 0.62 mJ (Majzlik and Stmad tmpublished work) [70] to 25 mJ [30]. The comparison of sensitivity to BSD with other primary explosives is shown in Fig. 2.21. MF can be initiated by discharge of static electricity generated from the human body [29]. 

Although autoignition is the probable cause of ignition in most compressed-air-line fires, other sources are possible. They include heat generated by the oxidation of iron sulfide, other sulfur compounds or carbonaceous deposits which may unexpectedly be present in the line, and friction or static-electricity-generated sparks. 

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