Electrical transport, glasses

Thus, the LFCM are alkali-earth silicate glasses, in which electric transport mechanisms are unclear. The latter, however, is important regarding high radioactivity of LFCM and simultaneous action of high internal electric fields and radiation damages on their behavior. 

In a recent pubHcation, Alivisatos and co-workers reported the making of hybrid nanorods-polymer solar cells and their properties [122]. These solar cells were made by spin casting of a solution of both poly(3-hexylthiophene) (hole acceptor) and CdSe nanorods (electron acceptor) onto indium tin oxide glass substrates coated with poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid and aluminum as a top contact. Nanorods have been used in composites so as to improve the carrier mobiHty. Indeed, the latter can be high for some inorganic semiconductors, but it is typically extremely low for conjugated polymers [123]. The use of the nanorods suppHes an interface for the charge transfer as well as a direct path for electrical transport. Also, because of their anisotropy, self-assembly of these nanorods is observed by electron microscopy. It shows... 

Sheet molding compounds (SMCs) that sandwich chopped fiber glass between two layers of resin paste are also used extensively to compression mold parts for the electrical, transportation, and other high volume industries. Automakers are exploring the use of carbon-fiber-reinforced SMC for body panels and other exterior parts because of the material s high strength and stiflfiiess-to-weight ratio (4). 

Tiselius (1941) applied the principle of isoelectric fractionation by electrical transport to proteins using the apparatus shown in Fig. 9. It was a 12-compartment perspex apparatus with parchment paper as cathodic, leather as anodic, and cotton flannel as intermediate membranes. Stirring was effected by horizontally oscillating glass rods. After the stationary state was reached, all compartments were emptied instantaneously and dmultaneously. A specird arrangement for that purpose was described. In Table I can be seen the separation which was effected between egg albumin and hemoglobin in 0.005 N sodium sulfate solution after a 24 hours run. It is seen that the separation was almost complete, only one cell containing both proteins. 

Since hydrogen ions are six to twelve times more mobile than other cations, there will be a delay between loss of hydrogen ions from solution and migration of glass cations into the aqueous phase. Presumably, this electrical imbalance results in an electric field which acts as a driving force for the migration of cations. Aluminium and fluoride are almost certainly transported as cationic aluminofluoride complexes, AIF and AIFJ, mentioned above. 

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