Electrical organisations

The Italian technologies in the gas sector are very advanced and of high interest for gas transit Countries with this spirit and in the frame of the law 212 for the Internationalisation of Enterprises, and in order to foster the links between Italy and former Soviet Union the Italian Ministry for Productive Activities co-funded the Project G.E.ORG.I.A. SYS - Gas and Electricity Organisation by Innovative Advanced System that with a duration of 18 months will provide the Georgian Partners with training, technological innovation and advanced equipment. 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is an independent, nonprofit organisation that develops standards for safety in electrical products. UL 746 A, B,... 

Standards may be developed at global level through the International Standards Organisation (ISO) or the equivalent International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) for electrical equipment. These contain representatives from standards bodies... 

A questionnaire was distributed to external members of one of our organisations, addressed to those who use polymers as engineering materials. The majority of recipients were in the electrical industry, reflecting the membership of that organisation. They were asked ... 

Kaissling K.-E. and Thorson J. (1980) Insect olfactory sensilla structural, chemical and electrical aspects of the functional organisation. In Receptors for Neurotransmitters, Hormones and Pheromones in Insects, eds D. B. Sattelle, L. M. Hall and J. G. Hildebrand, pp. 261-282. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press. 

Liquid crystals are interesting supramolecular systems which can show second harmonic generation when they are aligned appropriately. Ferroelectric LCs [250] as well as bent-core molecules have been used to this purpose, and show reasonable second harmonic generation [251]. These materials combine non-linear optical effects with simple processing procedures on account of their liquid crystalline flow characteristics and the possibility of organising them with electric and magnetic fields. 

Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) is conceptually similar to ODMR, i.e. the magnetic resonance is observed through spin-dependent electrical rather than optical properties of a sample. Virtually all of the EDMR in GaN-based materials reported to date has bear performed on LEDs and so the device type will serve as a basis for the organisation of this section. Three basic device types have been studied m-i-n-n+ diodes, double heterostructures (DHs) and single quantum wells (SQWs). Some details on these structures can be found elsewhere in this volume [35] and in the original work. 

Life consists of proteinaceous bodies formed of one or more cells containing membranes that permit it to communicate with its environment via transfer of information by electrical impulse or chemical substance, and is capable of morphological evolution by self-organisation of precursors, and displays attributes of metabolism, growth, and reproduction. This definition embraces both protolife and modern life. 

The years from 1960 to 1975 represented a golden era in the radiofrequency and microwave spectroscopy of open shell diatomic molecules. Molecular beam electric resonance was one of the most important experimental approaches, but microwave, far-infrared and magnetic resonance studies of bulk gaseous samples were equally important and our understanding of these open shell species is derived from a combination of different experimental approaches. In this book we have chosen to organise our descriptions according to the experimental techniques employed, but as with any such scheme, we run the risk, which we wish to avoid, of not connecting the results from different types of experiment in a coherent manner. As we shall see, the OH radical is the example par excellence which illustrates the pitfalls of an approach which is technique-oriented, rather than molecule-oriented. 

International Standard A standard published by the International Organisation for Standardisation and commencing with ISO (e.g., ISO 16929). Note for electrical products the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the main international standardisation body. 

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