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Electrical energy, development

Conversion of light energy to electrical energy development of photo-electrochemical cells Light-driven photosynthesis stereoselective synthesis Endoergic photosynthesis of fuel products CO2 fixation N2 fixation photolysis of water... [Pg.2567]

This reaction has been carefully studied with the aim of obtaining the enthalpy of combustion as electrical energy, and successful hydrazine-air fuel cells have been developed using potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte. The hydrazine fuel, however, has the disadvantage that it is expensive and poisonous. [Pg.224]

Sodium nitrate is also used in formulations of heat-transfer salts for he at-treatment baths for alloys and metals, mbber vulcanization, and petrochemical industries. A mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate is used to capture solar energy (qv) to transform it into electrical energy. The potential of sodium nitrate in the field of solar salts depends on the commercial development of this process. Other uses of sodium nitrate include water (qv) treatment, ice melting, adhesives (qv), cleaning compounds, pyrotechnics, curing bacons and meats (see Food additives), organics nitration, certain types of pharmaceutical production, refining of some alloys, recovery of lead, and production of uranium. [Pg.197]

The fundamental parameters in the two main methods of achieving ignition are basically the same. Recent advances in the field of combustion have been in the development of mathematical definitions for some of these parameters. For instance, consider the case of ignition achieved by means of an electric spark, where electrical energy released between electrodes results in the formation of a plasma in which the ionized gas acts as a conductor of electricity. The electrical energy Hberated by the spark is given by equation 2 (1), where V = the potential, V 7 = the current. A 0 = the spark duration, s and t = time, s. [Pg.516]

The driver is a prime mover capable of developing the required torque at a constant speed or over a range of speeds. The driver s energy source can be either electrical or mechanical. Electrical energy is used by motors, either of the induction or synchronous type, while the mechanical covers a multitude of sources. It may be a fuel, as in internal or external combustion engines, or it may be a gas, such as steam or process gas used in a turbine or expander. [Pg.256]

Canada, in response to extreme concerns regarding the reliability of the rapidly developing interconnected power networks in North America. NERC is a not-for-profit corporation owned by ten regional councils, whose members come from virtually all segments of the electric power industiy. Their parent companies account for virtually all the electrical energy supplied thronghout the United States, Canada, and northern portions of Baja California, Mexico. The various regional councils arc as follows ... [Pg.423]

Reliability of electric energy supply is an important requirement in modern society, and consumers in developed countries have grown to expect electricity to be available on demand. The electric utility industry in North America and throughout the rest of the developed world is undergoing considerable change as open transmission access and consumer choice are... [Pg.427]

Joule s interest in the conservation of energy developed as a consequence of some work he did in his teens on electric motors. In 1841 he proposed, on the basis of his experiments, that the rate at which heat Q... [Pg.684]

Many further solar energy developments and demonstrations took place m the first half of the twentieth century. However, only one solar technology survived the commercial competition with cheap fossil fuels. That exception was solar water heaters that were widely used in Japan, Israel, Australia and Florida, where electricity was expensive and before low-cost natural gas became available. [Pg.1052]

A battery stores electric energy. Although the concentration of energy is small compared, for example to gasoline, we see a myriad of uses of batteries in radios, cellular phones, flashlights, computers, watches, and so on. The public s demand for these portable products is ever increasing, and scientists strive to develop lighter and better batteries. [Pg.1097]

Electrochemical reactors (cells, tanks) are used for the practical realization of electrolysis or the electrochemical generation of electrical energy. In developing such reactors one must take into account the purpose of the reactor as well as the special features of the reactions employed in it. Most common is the classical reactor type with plane-parallel electrodes in which positive and negative electrodes alternate and all electrodes having the same polarity are connected in parallel. Reactors in which the electrodes are concentric cylinders and convection of the liquid electrolyte can be realized by rotation of one of the electrodes are less common. In batteries, occasionally the electrodes are in the form of two long ribbons with a separator in between which are wound up as a double spiral. [Pg.327]

Studies of photoelectrochemical phenomena are of great theoretical value. With light as an additional energy factor, in particular, studies of the elementary act of electrochemical reactions are expedited. Photoelectrochemical phenomena are of great practical value as well. One of the most important research activities nowadays is development of electrochemical devices for a direct conversion of luminous (solar) into electrical energy and photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen. [Pg.557]


See other pages where Electrical energy, development is mentioned: [Pg.25]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.583]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.464]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.505]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.1256]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.440]    [Pg.482]    [Pg.636]    [Pg.952]    [Pg.1047]    [Pg.1098]    [Pg.1213]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.174]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.160]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.344]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.323]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.6 ]




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ELECTRICAL ENERGY

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