Electrical conductive heating

Thermal conduction (also referred to as electrical conductive heating or in situ thermal desorption) supplies heat to the soil through steel wells or with a blanket that covers the ground surface. As the polluted area is heated, the contaminants are destroyed or evaporated. Steel wells are used when the polluted soil is deep. The blanket is used where the polluted soil is shallow. Typically, a carrier gas or vacuum system transports the volatilized water and organics to a treatment system. 

Metals form a class of solids with characteristic macroscopic properties. They are ductile, have a silver-white luster, and they conduct electricity and heat remarkably well. An early, but still relevant microscopic model aimed at explaining the electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, and optical properties was proposed by Drude [10]. His model incorporates two important successes of modem science the discovery of the electron in 1887 by J. J. Thomson, and the molecular kinetic gas theory put forward by Boltzmann and Maxwell in the second half of the 19th century. 

Liquids that are highly aerated and/or contain high protein concentration are often susceptible to foaming, which may interfere strongly with the bioprocess in question. The amount of foam can be measured with sensors based on electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, capacitance, or light scattering [41],... 

Metal finishing is the name given to a wide range of processes carried out in order to modify the surface properties of a metal, e.g. by the deposition of a layer of another metal or a polymer, or by formation of an oxide film. The origins of the industry lay in the desire to enhance the value of metal articles by improving their appearance, but in modern times the importance of metal finishing for purely decorative reasons has decreased. The trend is now towards surface treatments which will impart corrosion resistance or particular physical or mechanical properties to the surface (e.g. electrical conductivity, heat or wear resistance, lubrication or solderability) and, hence, to make possible the use of cheaper substrate metals or plastics covered to give them essential metallic surface properties. 

The silicate phases, C3S and C2S together constituting the major portion of the components in portland cement, influence considerably its hydration and strength development. The accelerating influence of CaCl2 on the hydration of C3 S is followed conveniently by estimating at different times the amount of residual unhydrated C3S, the amount of Ca(OH)2, non-evaporable water content, electrical conductivity, heat liberation, etc. 

Electrically conductive heat cure adhesives are required for a number of... 

Electric polarization produced by an applied electric field (electric susceptibility) Magnetization produced by an applied magnetic field (magnetic susceptibility) Electric current density produced by an applied electric field (electrical conductivity) Heat flux produced by a temperature gradient (thermal conductivity)... 

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