Electric flux density

The electric flux density or electric displacement, denoted by D, is a vector quantity defined in a vacuum as the product of the electric field strength and the permittivity of vacuum. Its module is expressed in coulombs per square meter (C.m ). It is defined by the following equation  

In a medium, the electric flux density is defined as the product of the electric field strength by permittivity of the medium as follows  

This is the Gaussian law of electrostatics in integral and differential form. The latter may be reorganized to express the electric flux density with the aid of the charge density of the dedicated area, as given by Eq. (3.29b), leading to the equivalent of the Cauchy theorem of mechanics from Eq. (3.13)  

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Electric flux density, exponents of dimensions, 8 585t... 

Electrical forces may be visualized as lines of force between two points, between which exists a charge differential (Figure 7.1). Two quantities describe the electrical field electrical field intensity (E) and electrical flux density (D). Electrical field intensity is the force experienced by a unit charge placed in the field. A unit charge has an absolute charge equal to 1.602 x 10-19 C therefore,... 

Electric flux density is the number of electric lines of flux passing through a unit area. If / number of electric flux lines pass through an area A (m2), then electric flux density is given by ... 

The ratio between the electric flux density and the field intensity is the permittivity of free space or eQ therefore,... 

In other mediums besides free space, E reduces in proportion to the relative permittivity of the medium. This means that the electric flux density D is independent of the medium. 

Dielectric constant ratio of electric flux density to electric held. 

Electric flux density coulomb per square meter C/m2... 

Electrical conductivity, 319,335,337,339 Electrical properties, 319 Electric displacement, 348 Electric field, 351 Electric flux density, 348 Electric inductive capacity, 287, 319, 326 Electric permittivity, 287 Electric susceptibility, 348, 349 Electrochemical n-doping, 341 p-doping, 341 Electron acceptor, 333 parameter, 242 Electron donor, 333, 337 parameter, 242... 

If the electric field is small, the relationship between the induced dipole and the electric field is to a good approximation linear and given by fx = aE. For simplicity, the tensorial nature of the induced dipole is being neglected. Averaging over several induced dipoles gives a macroscopic polarization P and the electric flux density is... 

Where B, D, E, H, I, are the magnetic flux density, the electric flux density, the electric field, the magnetic field, and the electric charge density, respectively. Introducing e and fi, the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability, we obtain the relationship (Eq. (1.51)) between the key parameters in classical electromagnetic wave theory,... 

In an alternating electric field the phase angle of the electric flux density lags behind that of the electric field due to the finite speed of polarization. The delay angle 5 is... 

D (either as a surface charge density qs [C/m ], or dipole moment volume density [Cm/m ]) is called the electric flux density, or displacement, x = r — 1 is called the electric susceptibility of the material. For vacuum, 8r = 1 and X = 0-... 

The E-field strength in the dielectric is reduced by the bound charges at the surface of the dielectric. The higher the permittivity, the lower the E-field in the bulk. The E-field is discontinuous at the dielectric surface. The electric flux density D is continuous at the dielectric surface as long as there are no free charges there. 

Figure 3.3 Capacitor plate surface free charge qs (electric flux density D) after...

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