Elasticity enhancer

The elasticity enhancer is made from a mixture of polyols, polyglycol and water. Suitable polyols include glycol, propanediol, glycerol, or sorbitol. 

Nitrides have formed a class of materials with fascinating properties that have been widely used for mechaiucal and elastic enhancement, wear and corrosion resistance, photon and electron emission, as well as magnetic modulation [2, 3]. 

Nitrogenation of metals has been a fully developed technology for hardness and elasticity enhancement of a surface [99-105]. Even though the hardness and elasticity of nitrides has been intensively investigated and widely utilized, neither the local bonding stmcture nor the microstructure corresponding to the observed mechanical properties, are well established [90, 106]. 

The strong polarization results in the volume expansion, elasticity enhancement, self-lubricity, hydrophobicity, and viscosity of ultrathin films and surface skins of water. 

Metallurgy. Lithium forms alloys with numerous metals. Early uses of lithium alloys were made in Germany with the production of the lead alloy, BahnmetaH (0.04% Li), which was used for bearings for railroad cars, and the aluminum alloy, Scleron. In the United States, the aluminum alloy X-2020 (4.5% Cu, 1.1% Li, 0.5% Mn, 0.2% Cd, balance Al) was introduced in 1957 for stmctural components of naval aircraft. The lower density and stmctural strength enhancement of aluminum lithium alloys compared to normal aluminum alloys make it attractive for uses in airframes. A distinct lithium—aluminum phase (Al Li) forms in the alloy which bonds tightly to the host aluminum matrix to yield about a 10% increase in the modules of elasticity of the aluminum lithium alloys produced by the main aluminum producers. The density of the alloys is about 10% less than that of other stmctural aluminum alloys. 

Introduction of the surface-nucleation mechanism in numerical computation of elastic-plastic wave evolution leads to enhanced precursor attenuation in thin specimens, but not in thicker ones. Inclusion of dislocation nucleation at subgrain boundaries indicates that a relatively low concentration of subgrain boundaries ( 2/mm) and nucleation density (10"-10 m ) is sufficient to obtain predicted precursor decay rates which are comparable to those obtained from the experiments. These experiments are only slightly above the threshold necessary to produce enhanced elastic-precursor decay. 

As might be expected from a consideration of the factors discussed in Section 4.2, the imidisation process will stiffen the polymer chain and hence enhance Tg and thus softening points. Hence Vicat softening points (by Procedure B) may be as high as 175°C. The modulus of elasticity is also about 50% greater than that of PMMa at 4300 MPa, whilst with carbon fibre reinforcement this rises to 25 000 MPa. The polymer is clear (90% transparent) and colourless. 

Tackifying resins enhance the adhesion of non-polar elastomers by improving wettability, increasing polarity and altering the viscoelastic properties. Dahlquist [31 ] established the first evidence of the modification of the viscoelastic properties of an elastomer by adding resins, and demonstrated that the performance of pressure-sensitive adhesives was related to the creep compliance. Later, Aubrey and Sherriff [32] demonstrated that a relationship between peel strength and viscoelasticity in natural rubber-low molecular resins blends existed. Class and Chu [33] used the dynamic mechanical measurements to demonstrate that compatible resins with an elastomer produced a decrease in the elastic modulus at room temperature and an increase in the tan <5 peak (which indicated the glass transition temperature of the resin-elastomer blend). Resins which are incompatible with an elastomer caused an increase in the elastic modulus at room temperature and showed two distinct maxima in the tan <5 curve. 

In the presence of weak disorder, one should consider an additional contribution to the resistivity due to weak localisation resulting from quantum interference effects and/or that due to Coulomb interaction effects. A single-carrier weak localisation effect is produced by constructive quantum interference between elastically back-scattered partial-carrier-waves, while disorder attenuates the screening between charge carriers, thus increasing their Coulomb interaction. So, both effects are enhanced in the presence of weak disorder, or, in other words, by defect scattering. This was previously discussed for the case of carbons and graphites [7]. 

The mechanical properties of plastics materials may often be considerably enhanced by embedding fibrous materials in the polymer matrix. Whilst such techniques have been applied to thermoplastics the greatest developents have taken place with the thermosetting plastics. The most common reinforcing materials are glass and cotton fibres but many other materials ranging from paper to carbon fibre are used. The fibres normally have moduli of elasticity substantially greater than shown by the resin so that under tensile stress much of the load is borne by the fibre. The modulus of the composite is intermediate to that of the fibre and that of the resin. 

When required, combined with the use of computers, the finite element analysis (FEA) method can greatly enhanced the capability of the structural analyst to calculate displacement and stress-strain values in complicated structures subjected to arbitrary loading conditions. In its fundamental form, the FEA technique is limited to static, linear elastic analysis. However, there are advanced FEA computer programs that can treat highly nonlinear dynamic problems efficiently. 

Many of the new plastics, blends, and material systems require special, enhanced processing features or techniques to be successfully injection molded. The associated materials evolution has resulted in new plastics or grades, many of which are more viscoelastic. That is, they exhibit greater melt elasticity. The advanced molding technology has started to address the coupling of viscoelastic material responses with the process parameters. This requires an understanding of plastics as viscoelastic fluids, rather than as purely viscous liquids, as is commonly held... 

Apparently, the dynamic elasticity is not purely entropic but is enhanced for various reasons [5] ... 

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